本文選題：準(zhǔn)公共物品　切入點(diǎn)：開放式公園　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文以城市開放式公園為例，旨在探討城市準(zhǔn)公共物品的現(xiàn)實(shí)問(wèn)題以及對(duì)策。本文首先分析了城市開放式公園為城市準(zhǔn)公共物品，因?yàn)槌鞘泄珗@實(shí)行免費(fèi)開放之后，具有公共物品的性質(zhì)特征，但是當(dāng)公園人數(shù)超過(guò)公園容納量時(shí)，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生競(jìng)爭(zhēng)消費(fèi)，所以開放式公園是準(zhǔn)公共物品。城市公園免費(fèi)開放之后，面臨了一系列的管理困境，主要有三大難題：一是公園門票收入的損失使得公園的可支配資金減少，導(dǎo)致了公園管理經(jīng)費(fèi)的不足。二是免費(fèi)開放公園使得公園游客數(shù)量劇增，，公共設(shè)施和生態(tài)環(huán)境遭到嚴(yán)重破壞，不堪重負(fù)，綠化養(yǎng)護(hù)、設(shè)施維護(hù)以及管理成本提高。三是公園免收門票，出入公園的人員身份復(fù)雜，公園控制難度較大，使得公園的安全度下降。 為了解決目前面臨的難題，本文借鑒了國(guó)內(nèi)外的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，如鼓勵(lì)公園走市場(chǎng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)道路，但是由于體制機(jī)制的不完善、思想陳舊等原因，我國(guó)目前的大環(huán)境注定了開放式公園進(jìn)行市場(chǎng)化經(jīng)營(yíng)的時(shí)機(jī)尚未成熟。所以，結(jié)合我國(guó)的現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，通過(guò)對(duì)上海市古華公園的實(shí)證案例分析，總結(jié)出了解決對(duì)策。 要改善開放式公園管理困境要從解決資金來(lái)源、引入第三部門的管理以及完善相關(guān)法律法規(guī)著手。一是要積極爭(zhēng)取政府的財(cái)政支持，同時(shí)拓寬資金來(lái)源渠道，適時(shí)進(jìn)行融資，吸收社會(huì)的投資和捐助，如開展認(rèn)建認(rèn)養(yǎng)活動(dòng)、設(shè)立公園管理基金、提升旅游附加值等。二是借助社會(huì)力量，將第三部門引入公園管理，但由于第三部門在我國(guó)尚處于起步階段，還不夠成熟，所以政府要加第三部門的政策扶持，為其發(fā)展創(chuàng)造良好的發(fā)展環(huán)境，第三部門自身則要加強(qiáng)管理和自我完善，主動(dòng)接受政府和社會(huì)的共同監(jiān)督。三是要進(jìn)一步制定和修訂公園管理的相關(guān)法律法規(guī)，通過(guò)加強(qiáng)立法、提高現(xiàn)有法規(guī)的可操作性以及加強(qiáng)社會(huì)公眾共同參與法制管理的力度，進(jìn)一步完善我國(guó)公園管理的法律體系。此外，政府要加強(qiáng)公共管理的作用，為公園創(chuàng)造良好的機(jī)制環(huán)境，公園內(nèi)部也要加強(qiáng)管理制度建設(shè)，完善管理規(guī)章制度，同時(shí)，要建立健全的監(jiān)督機(jī)制，使開放式公園管理更加有序、規(guī)范和高效。
[Abstract]:Taking urban open parks as an example, this paper aims to discuss the practical problems and countermeasures of urban quasi-public goods.This paper first analyzes that urban open parks are quasi-public goods, because they have the character of public goods after they are opened free of charge, but when the number of parks exceeds the capacity of parks, they will produce competitive consumption.So open parks are quasi-public goods.After the city park is opened for free, it faces a series of management difficulties, there are three main difficulties: first, the loss of the park ticket income makes the park's disposable funds reduce, which leads to the lack of the park management funds.Second, the number of park visitors increased dramatically, public facilities and ecological environment were seriously damaged, overburdened, green maintenance, facilities maintenance and management costs increased.Third, the park is free of tickets, the identity of the personnel entering and leaving the park is complicated, and the park control is difficult, which makes the safety degree of the park decline.In order to solve the current problems, this paper draws lessons from the successful experiences at home and abroad, such as encouraging parks to take the road of market-oriented management, but due to the imperfection of the system and mechanism, the old ideas, and so on.The present environment of our country doomed the opening park to carry on the market management time not yet ripe.Therefore, combined with the reality of our country, through the empirical case analysis of Gu Hua Park in Shanghai, summed up the solution.In order to improve the difficulties of open park management, we should solve the source of funds, introduce the management of the third sector and improve the relevant laws and regulations.First, we should actively strive for the financial support of the government, at the same time broaden the sources of funds, timely financing, absorb social investment and donations, such as adopting and adopting activities, setting up park management fund, promoting tourism added value, and so on.The second is to introduce the third sector into park management with the help of social forces. However, as the third sector is still in its infancy in our country, it is not mature enough, so the government should increase the policy support of the third sector to create a good development environment for its development.The third sector itself should strengthen management and self-improvement, and accept the joint supervision of government and society.Third, it is necessary to further formulate and revise the relevant laws and regulations on park management, to enhance the operability of existing laws and regulations and to strengthen the public's joint participation in legal management through strengthening legislation.Further improve the legal system of park management in China.In addition, the government should strengthen the role of public administration, create a good institutional environment for the park, and strengthen the construction of the management system within the park, perfect the management rules and regulations, and establish a sound supervisory mechanism.Open park management more orderly, standardized and efficient.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F299.24

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