本文關鍵詞： 環(huán)境 群體性 事件 特點 成因 預防 對策　出處：《復旦大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：從經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和產業(yè)升級的角度而言,地方政府對于大項目的青睞有其正當和必要性,但由于幾十年的發(fā)展中各地對于環(huán)境的普遍透支和民意的慣性忽視,導致環(huán)境意識不斷提高的人們普遍對政府和大企業(yè)的環(huán)保承諾采取不信任、堅決抵制的態(tài)度。2012年7月28日,江蘇啟東市呂四漁民因反對日本王子造業(yè)排海工程項目建在家門口、可能對呂四海洋生態(tài)環(huán)境造成污染和破壞而發(fā)生了有重大社會影響力的環(huán)境群體性事件。同年7月1日,四川什邡市動工建設“宏達鉬銅多金屬資源深加工綜合利用項目”,這個項目被曝有極大的負面環(huán)境影響后,導致大量群眾集會游行,以示抗議。更引人注目的是因PX工程引起的幾起環(huán)境群體性事件。2007年廈門市民為反對PX項目自發(fā)“散步”；2011年8月14日,發(fā)生遼寧省大連市的民眾抗議對二甲苯(化工業(yè)簡寫PX)化學污染工程項目的公民抗議運動；2012年10月27日,浙江鎮(zhèn)海因拆遷不公導致反PX群體性事件發(fā)生。 據(jù)統(tǒng)計,自1996年來以來,環(huán)境群體性事件一直保持年均29%的增速。環(huán)境群體性事件的頻繁發(fā)生對社會公共秩序造成了嚴重破壞,環(huán)境群體性事件往往以政府立即承諾停止建設的方式結束的一貫路徑,更是對政府公共治理提出了形勢逼人的挑戰(zhàn)。盡管中共十七大提出建設“資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型”社會,但環(huán)境群體性事件頻發(fā)的現(xiàn)實表明了環(huán)境友好型社會建設的效果是令人質疑的,環(huán)境問題成為新政府上臺必須首要解決的政治問題,十八大報告將“生態(tài)文明建設”提升至與經(jīng)濟、政治、文化、社會四大建設并列的高度,宣示要五位一體地建設中國特色社會主義。提出努力建設美麗中國,實現(xiàn)中華民族永續(xù)發(fā)展。在新媒體時代背景下,政府該如何阻止環(huán)境群體性事件的高發(fā)態(tài)勢,是目前應當亟待思考和解決的問題。 本文作者通過查閱國內外研究成果和相關資料,尤其以近年來頻發(fā)的環(huán)境群體事件為研究內容,分析環(huán)境群體性事件的共同特征和發(fā)展規(guī)律,總結出環(huán)境群體性事件的共同特征是：對環(huán)境造成污染或者存在污染環(huán)境的威脅,突出近年發(fā)生的環(huán)境群體性事件尤以污染尚未造成只存在隱患為多；政府在引進可能影響環(huán)境的工程項目前或在建設過程中都隱瞞了實情；網(wǎng)絡、手機等新媒體對迅速匯集民意起到了很大的促進作用；事件如果即將發(fā)生,政府再采取民意安撫的措施,已不能阻止群體性事件的發(fā)生；環(huán)保評估僅僅只是擺設,并沒有起到關鍵作用,沒有說服力；環(huán)境群體性事件的發(fā)生有時不僅僅是因為環(huán)境污染,而是裹挾著各種利益；政府在處置群體性事件過程中的強烈壓制將進一步點燃民眾的憤怒情緒；而環(huán)境群體性事件停止的辦法只有一種,那就是政府立即作出停止工程建設的承諾并且采取立即停止工程建設的行動。 通過總結規(guī)律,發(fā)現(xiàn)政府在履行公共管理職責過程中,存在著政府官員過分追求GDP政績、對環(huán)境信息不公開、未能履行好政府的公共職責、未能有效保障公眾參與重大公共決策等問題,提出如何避免或減少環(huán)境群體性事件發(fā)生率的途徑首先是政府應當轉變執(zhí)政理念、實現(xiàn)專制型政府向開放型政府的轉變,建立科學的政府官員政績考核機制；其次是加強環(huán)境保護立法,構建環(huán)境風險防范、公民環(huán)境權司法救濟和生態(tài)損害補償制度等；第三是建立完善預防環(huán)境群體性事件的機制,包括完善環(huán)境項目決策聽證機制,環(huán)境信息公開機制,環(huán)境信息溝通機制和媒體聯(lián)動機制等等。國內外對群體性事件的研究視角較多,更多的是從公安系統(tǒng)在群體性事件發(fā)生后如何控制和處理角度進行研究,但本文作者認為更重要的是從事前預防的角度對群體性事件進行研究,分析成因,有針對性地預防,才是從根源上解決群體性事件的有效辦法和當務之急。作者還專門選取了環(huán)境類群體性事件這一獨特視角,對于建設十八大提出的“五位一體”中國特色社會主義具有積極意義。
[Abstract]:From the economic development and industrial upgrading perspective, the local government has its legitimacy and necessity for the project's favor, but because of the decades of development for the environment and public opinion generally overdraft inertia ignored, led to increasing awareness of the environment of the general government and big business environmental commitments do not trust, and resolutely boycott.2012 year in July 28th, Jiangsu Qidong City Lu four fishermen against Japanese Prince manufacturing outfall project at home, may cause pollution and damage to the ecological environment and Yang Lu Sihai the environmental group events of major social influence. In July 1st of the same year, Sichuan Shifang city construction "Hondar molybdenum copper polymetallic resources comprehensive utilization of deep processing project", has great negative environmental impacts of the project was traced after, resulting in a large number of mass rallies to protest more striking. The PX project is caused by several environmental group events.2007 the people of Xiamen to oppose the PX project; spontaneous "walk" in August 14, 2011, Liaoning province Dalian City protests (paraxylene chemical industry abbreviation PX) civil protest movement project of chemical pollution engineering; October 27, 2012, Zhejiang town demolition hydantoin injustice led to anti PX group of the incident.
According to statistics, since 1996, the environmental group events has maintained an average annual growth rate of 29%. The frequent environmental incidents caused serious damage to social order, environmental group events often take the government to immediately stop the construction of the road to end a consistent commitment to the size, it is proposed the challenge to the public the situation is getting better and better governance. Although the CPC puts forward to build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society ", but the environmental group events frequently showed the reality of the construction of environment friendly society effect is questionable, environmental problems become a political problem to the new government must first solve the eighteen, the report will be" ecological civilization "to with the economic, political, cultural and social construction of the four highly parallel, declared to five in one construction Chinese socialism. Put forward and build a beautiful To achieve sustainable development of Chinese nation, under the background of new media era, how to prevent the occurrence of environmental mass incidents is a problem that should be urgently considered and solved at present.
The author of this article through the domestic and foreign research results and related information, especially in recent years to frequent incidents of environmental groups as the research content, common characteristics and law of development of environmental group events, summarizes the common features of environmental group events is caused by pollution or environmental pollution threat to the environment, environmental group events in recent years, especially in the serious pollution problems have not caused only for the government; in the introduction of the project may affect the environment before or in the process of construction is to conceal the truth; new media network, mobile phone on the rapid collection of public opinion has played a significant role in promoting; if the event will happen, the government to appease public opinion the measures can't prevent the occurrence of mass incidents; environmental assessment is just decoration, and did not play a key role, not convincing; environmental group event The occurrence of sometimes not only because of the pollution of the environment, but may take various interests; the government strongly suppressed in dealing with group events will further ignite anger; and environmental group events to stop only one way, that is the government immediately stop the construction of the commitment and take an immediate cessation of construction the action.
Through the summary of the law, found that the government had responsibility for public management process, there are government officials fanatical pursuit of GDP, the environmental information is not public, the government has failed to fulfill public duties, failed to effectively safeguard public participation in public policy-making and other issues, put forward how to avoid or reduce the incidence of environmental group events is the first government way we should change the concept of governance, implementation of autocratic government to change the open government, government officials to establish a scientific performance appraisal system; the second is to strengthen the environmental protection legislation, construction of environmental risk prevention, judicial relief and civil environmental right ecological damage compensation system; the third is to establish and perfect the mechanism of prevention of environmental group events, including perfecting the mechanism environmental decision-making hearing, environmental information disclosure mechanism, environment information communication mechanism and linkage mechanism and so on. Domestic and foreign to the group Research from the perspective of more events, more studies are carried out from the public security system to control in the group after the incident and processing, but the author thinks that it is more important to study on the mass incidents in prevention analysis of causes, targeted prevention, is from the source to solve group the effective methods and events. The author also specially selected a pressing matter of the moment the unique perspective of environmental group events, which has a positive significance for the construction of the eighteen proposed "five in one" Chinese socialism.

【學位授予單位】：復旦大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D631.43

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