本文關(guān)鍵詞：網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理視角下我國危機管理預(yù)警機制的研究　出處：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：目前我國正處于激烈的社會轉(zhuǎn)型時期,處于公共危機的突發(fā)和高發(fā)期,各種突發(fā)公共事件越來越頻繁地刺激著中國公眾的神經(jīng)末梢,其解決程度直接影響著中國政府的威信力,考驗著公眾對政府的信任程度,是構(gòu)建社會主義和諧社會的重要指標(biāo)。因此,中國要做好各方面的準(zhǔn)備,以應(yīng)對公共危機事件所帶來的重大挑戰(zhàn)和嚴(yán)峻考驗。本文通過對網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理視角下公共危機預(yù)警機制的研究為切入點,在對當(dāng)前我國公共危機預(yù)警機制現(xiàn)狀以及形成原因分析的基礎(chǔ)上,旨在探索符合我國基本國情的公共危機預(yù)警機制,以增強我國在公共危機事件中的預(yù)判力和風(fēng)險對抗力,進一步實現(xiàn)社會主義和諧社會的建設(shè)目標(biāo)。在公共危機預(yù)警機制理論與網(wǎng)絡(luò)化治理理論的指導(dǎo)下,應(yīng)用文獻資料分析法、理論實際相結(jié)合以及定性分析法,重點分析我國現(xiàn)有公共危機預(yù)警機制存在的問題及成因,同時提出了在網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理理論指導(dǎo)下解決公共危機預(yù)警問題的若干策略。文章首先介紹了選題依據(jù)、學(xué)術(shù)價值、應(yīng)用價值、相關(guān)理論與研究方法、本選題的創(chuàng)新之處,以及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀。具體從公共危機管理預(yù)警機制與網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理的相關(guān)概念及理論闡述出發(fā),論述了網(wǎng)路治理的內(nèi)涵和策略,指出新型網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理模式的特征主要體現(xiàn)在以下方面:首先,動態(tài)性、專業(yè)化同多元合作相結(jié)合。其次,信任、合作是公共治理的實現(xiàn)機制。再次,堅持政府在網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理中的主體地位。同時公共危機網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理理論進行了論述。其次,本文對于我國公共危機預(yù)警機制的現(xiàn)狀進行了分析,指出從2003來非典以來,經(jīng)歷了汶川地震的特大危機事件,我國的公共危機預(yù)警機制的建設(shè)收到了一定的成效,但現(xiàn)階段,我國公共危機預(yù)警機制的建設(shè)并不是很完善,對于嚴(yán)重的公共危機事件起不到應(yīng)有的預(yù)警作用。在公共危機全球化、常態(tài)化、復(fù)雜化、危機管理國際化的情況下,政府作為公共權(quán)力的代理人和集中行使者,在危機預(yù)警工作中負有很大的責(zé)任。再次,本文論述了我國公共危機預(yù)警機制存在的問題以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理視角下公共危機管理預(yù)警機制問題的成因。具體包括:1.缺乏與其他社會主體及其他國際組織合作治理。我國公共危機預(yù)警機制是以政府為主體的公共管理體系,現(xiàn)階段其他社會組織及公民社會的參與度較低。2.預(yù)警體系不能網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,導(dǎo)致各自為戰(zhàn),效率低下。當(dāng)信息到達相關(guān)政府部門后,又要下達給下屬相關(guān)部門,直接導(dǎo)致了各自為戰(zhàn),預(yù)警體系效率低下。3.信息不能網(wǎng)絡(luò)化,導(dǎo)致信息滯后信息具有時效性,過了期限就不能成為有用的信息。對危機預(yù)警信息來講,時效性更為關(guān)鍵。4.政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)不健全。本森(Benson)認為“政策網(wǎng)絡(luò)是一個復(fù)雜但資源相互依賴的組織集群”。5.危機預(yù)警機制管理主體單一性。6.公共危機預(yù)警體系不完善。7.官民互動缺失。8.信息公開透明在危機預(yù)警中的缺位等問題。最后,本文對于這些問題文章接下來指出網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理在解決這些問題時具有明顯的優(yōu)勢,主要體現(xiàn)在:專門化、創(chuàng)新型、速度與靈活和極具影響力等四個方面。最后為完善公共危機預(yù)警機制,在網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理的視角下提出了八項策略:1.加強法律制度建設(shè),形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)化制度體。2.建立網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的信息公開系統(tǒng)和危機監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。3.確立以“4E”為取向的價值體系。4.改變信息收集與傳遞渠道。5.發(fā)展多元主體,形成網(wǎng)絡(luò)預(yù)警。6.多渠道、寬網(wǎng)絡(luò)提供資源保障及社會資本。7.整合行政組織,優(yōu)化危機預(yù)警網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系。8.建立動態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系,促進科學(xué)預(yù)警機制�？傊�,從實踐上來看,我國現(xiàn)有的公共危機預(yù)警機制已具有向多元化、層次化、系統(tǒng)化、動態(tài)協(xié)調(diào)化的方向發(fā)展。但是由于我國公共危機的預(yù)警機制信息公開透明度偏低、人治觀念依然存在、缺乏科學(xué)問責(zé)制、公共危機預(yù)警體系不完善、公共危機預(yù)警體系運作并不系統(tǒng)、條塊分割突顯、動態(tài)化協(xié)調(diào)和機動化調(diào)度難以實現(xiàn)、缺乏危機管理方面的相關(guān)立法等原因,導(dǎo)致了目前我國有保障無體系、有體系無網(wǎng)絡(luò)的現(xiàn)實困境。因此,我國在面對公共危機事件時,只會忙于“急來保救”而不能從根本上做好公共危機的預(yù)警,更不利于我國公共危機問題的防范和根本解決。文章將根據(jù)我國公共危機預(yù)警機制的現(xiàn)狀,在學(xué)術(shù)界已有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,把我國公共危機管理預(yù)警機制作為研究對象,并將其置于網(wǎng)絡(luò)治理的視角下全面系統(tǒng)的考察和分析,從而試圖找到一些增強我國公共危機預(yù)警能力的新思路和新方法。探索有效的途徑、提高我國公共危機問題的預(yù)防和處理能力,使我國的危機危機預(yù)警機制更加全面化、系統(tǒng)化、立體化,從而進一步通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)化的治理減少我國公共危機事件的發(fā)生,為創(chuàng)造社會主義和諧社會作出貢獻。
[Abstract]:At present, our country is in the fierce social transformation period, in the sudden public crisis and the high incidence of various public emergencies increasingly stimulate public China nerve endings, the solution directly affects the level of China authority, a test of the level of public trust in the government, is an important index of constructing socialist harmonious society the. Therefore, China should prepare all aspects to deal with the major challenges and severe tests brought by the public crisis. Based on the research of the public crisis warning mechanism of network governance perspective as the breakthrough point, on the current situation and the formation of public crisis warning mechanism based on the analysis of the causes, to explore with the basic situation of our country public crisis early warning mechanism, to strengthen our country in public crisis pre judgment and risk countermeasure further, achieve the goal of building a socialist harmonious society. In the governance theory of public crisis warning mechanism and network under the guidance of the application of the method of literature analysis, combining theory and practice, qualitative analysis, analysis of problems and causes of China's public crisis warning mechanism, and puts forward some strategies in the network governance theory under the guidance of solving public crisis warning problem. This paper first introduces the basis of selection, academic value, application value, related theories and research methods, the innovation of this topic, and the current research situation both at home and abroad. From the concept of public crisis management and early warning mechanism of network governance and the theory of view, discusses the connotation and strategy of Internet governance, points out the characteristics of the new type of network governance is mainly reflected in the following aspects: first of all, dynamic, professional and pluralistic cooperation combination. Secondly, trust and cooperation are the realization mechanism of public governance. Again, adhere to the main position of the government in the network governance. At the same time, the theory of public crisis network governance is discussed. Secondly, this paper analyzes the current situation of public crisis warning mechanism in our country, pointed out that from 2003 to SARS has experienced severe crisis of the Wenchuan earthquake, China's construction of early warning mechanism of public crisis, received some success, but at this stage, China's public crisis early warning mechanism for the construction is not perfect no, warning function for serious public crisis events. Under the circumstances of globalization, normalization, complication and internationalization of crisis management, the government as a public power agent and a centralized envoy has great responsibilities in the early warning of crisis. Thirdly, this paper discusses the problems of the public crisis early warning mechanism in China and the causes of the problem of the public crisis management and early warning mechanism from the perspective of network governance. Specific include: 1. the lack of cooperation with other social subjects and other international organizations. The public crisis warning mechanism in China is a public management system with the government as the main body, and the participation of other social organizations and civil society is low at this stage. 2. early warning system is not networked, leading to inefficient fight the enemy separately. When the information to the relevant government departments, but also issued to subordinate departments, led directly to the early warning system is inefficient fight the enemy separately. 3. information can not be networked, which leads to the timeliness of information lag information, and the time limit will not be useful information. The timeliness is more critical for the crisis early-warning information. 4. the policy network is not sound. Benson (Benson) believes that "the policy network is a complex and interdependent cluster of resources". 5. the management of the crisis early-warning mechanism is single. 6. the public crisis early-warning system is not perfect. The interaction between the 7. officials and the people was missing. 8. the lack of information disclosure and transparency in crisis warning. Finally, for these problems, the article points out that network governance has obvious advantages in solving these problems, mainly in four aspects: specialization, innovation, speed and flexibility, and influence. Finally, in order to improve the public crisis early warning mechanism, eight strategies are put forward in the perspective of Network Governance: 1. strengthen the construction of the legal system and form a network system. 2. establish a network of information disclosure system and crisis monitoring system. 3. establish the value system oriented by "4E". 4. change information collection and transmission channels. 5. develop multiple subjects to form a network early warning. 6. channels and wide networks provide resource protection and social capital. 7. integrate administrative organizations to optimize the crisis early-warning network system. 8. to establish a dynamic and coordinated network system to promote the scientific early warning mechanism. In a word, from the practical point of view, the existing public crisis early-warning mechanism in China has been developed in the direction of diversification, hierarchy, systematization and dynamic coordination. But as a result of the early warning mechanism of information disclosure transparency of public crisis in China is low, the concept of rule by man still exists, the lack of scientific accountability, public crisis warning system is not perfect, the public crisis warning system is not functioning system, fragmentation of prominence, dynamic coordination and motorized scheduling is difficult to achieve, the lack of relevant legislation in crisis management, causes at present our country security dilemma no system, no network system. Therefore, in the face of public crisis, our country will only be busy with "rush to rescue" and not be able to do a good job in early warning of public crisis. This article according to the present situation of public crisis warning mechanism in our country, based on existing research, the early warning mechanism of public crisis management in China as the research object, and the comprehensive study and analysis of the system in the network governance, thus trying to find some new ideas and new methods of strengthening the public crisis early warning ability. Exploring effective ways to improve the prevention and prevention of public crisis in China
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D63

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