【摘要】：節(jié)能、環(huán)保和可持續(xù)發(fā)展是在21世紀(jì)的三大主題。吸吸附制冷是一種環(huán)境友好型節(jié)能制冷技術(shù)，可由太陽能、廢熱等低溫?zé)嵩打?qū)動，且制冷劑采用氨、水、甲醇等天然工質(zhì)，因此被認(rèn)為是21世紀(jì)傳統(tǒng)壓縮式制冷技術(shù)的主要替代技術(shù)之一。 由于吸附工質(zhì)對是吸附制冷系統(tǒng)的核心，，在很大程度上直接決定著吸附制冷系統(tǒng)的性能，因此新型吸附劑的開發(fā)及其吸附性能測試尤為重要。本文首次將比表面積大且具有獨(dú)特中空結(jié)構(gòu)的碳納米管引入太陽能吸附制冷領(lǐng)域，并與具有較大吸附量的堿土鹽類化合物氯化鈣進(jìn)行有機(jī)復(fù)合，探討基于碳納米管的復(fù)合吸附劑的吸附性能及其在吸附制冷領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用潛力。 本文設(shè)計(jì)了一套吸附性能測試裝置，利用磁致伸縮液位傳感器測得的液位的變化來計(jì)算制冷劑的吸附量/脫附量，同時利用恒溫油浴鍋和低溫恒溫箱來模擬太陽能熱水器產(chǎn)生的熱水及期望獲得的制冷工況。原臺架利用普通球閥控制各部分的開閉，最后發(fā)現(xiàn)普通球閥無法滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)所需的氣密性要求，故對臺架進(jìn)行了重新設(shè)計(jì)和加工。改進(jìn)后的臺架采用真空系統(tǒng)專用高真空手動擋板閥，所有部件采用快卸法蘭進(jìn)行連接。 在新的實(shí)驗(yàn)臺上，分別對含5%和7.5%碳納米管的復(fù)合吸附劑的吸水性能進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)測試。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，當(dāng)吸附溫度為50℃、蒸發(fā)溫度為20℃時，含5%碳納米管的復(fù)合吸附劑的平衡吸附量為0.20126g/g；吸附溫度為80℃時，含7.5%碳納米管的復(fù)合吸附劑的平衡吸附量為0.16486g/g，比含5%碳納米管的復(fù)合吸附劑的平衡吸附量提高了44.6%；當(dāng)吸附溫度均為70℃時，含7.5%碳納米管的復(fù)合吸附劑的平衡吸附量為0.18914g/g，比含5%碳納米管的復(fù)合吸附劑的平衡吸附量提高了36.5%。且系統(tǒng)中的殘留水蒸氣只對初始階段的吸附量影響大，對總吸附量影響較小，且溫度越低殘留蒸汽影響越小�？傊�，碳納米管確實(shí)可以增大吸附量，因此在吸附制冷領(lǐng)域具有應(yīng)用潛力。
[Abstract]:Energy conservation, environmental protection and sustainable development are the three major themes in the 21 st century. Adsorption refrigeration is an environmentally friendly energy-saving refrigeration technology, which can be driven by solar energy, waste heat and other low temperature heat sources, and the refrigerants use ammonia, water, methanol and other natural refrigerants, so it is considered to be one of the main alternative technologies of traditional compression refrigeration technology in the 21st century. Because the adsorption working fluid pair is the core of the adsorption refrigeration system, to a large extent, it directly determines the performance of the adsorption refrigeration system, so the development of new adsorbents and the test of their adsorption properties are particularly important. In this paper, carbon nanotubes with large specific surface area and unique hollow structure are introduced into the field of solar adsorption refrigeration for the first time, and organically composite with calcium chloride, a alkali soil salt compound with large adsorption capacity. The adsorption properties of the composite adsorbents based on carbon nanotubes and their application potential in the field of adsorption refrigeration are discussed. In this paper, a set of adsorption performance testing device is designed to calculate the adsorption capacity / desorption amount of refrigerants by using the change of liquid level measured by magnetostrictive liquid level sensor. At the same time, the constant temperature oil bath pot and low temperature constant temperature box are used to simulate the hot water produced by solar water heater and the expected refrigeration conditions. The original bench uses the ordinary ball valve to control the opening and closing of each part. finally, it is found that the ordinary ball valve can not meet the air tightness requirements of the experiment, so the bench has been redesigned and machined. The improved bench adopts high vacuum manual baffle valve for vacuum system, and all components are connected by quick unloading flange. The water absorption properties of composite adsorbents containing 5% and 7.5% carbon nanotubes were tested on a new experimental platform. The experimental results show that when the adsorption temperature is 50 鈩

本文編號：2506808