空間光學遙感器檢測中大口徑平行光管應用技術(shù)研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-06-26 17:20
【摘要】：隨著空間光學遙感器不斷的發(fā)展，其技術(shù)性能指標要求也越來越高，為了實現(xiàn)更高的地面分辨率，空間光學遙感器的口徑與焦距逐漸增加，這種技術(shù)因素的改變給空間光學遙感器的地面檢測與像質(zhì)評價工作帶來了一系列新的問題。例如：隨著光學遙感器口徑與焦距的增加，需要更大口徑更長焦距的平行光管對其進行檢測與像質(zhì)評價。口徑越大焦距越長的平行光管對于像質(zhì)、焦面位置精度以及測試環(huán)境的穩(wěn)定性等要求就越高。然而平行光管口徑與焦距尺寸的保障、平行光管像質(zhì)水平的保障、平行光管焦面位置精度的保障甚至是測試環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性的保障最終都會隨著空間光學遙感器技術(shù)指標的逐步提高而難以實現(xiàn)。對于空間光學遙感器來說，地面檢測與像質(zhì)評價工作是最基本也是最重要的工作，這項工作決定了光學遙感器能否實現(xiàn)在軌順利工作以及能否完成指定的科研或軍事任務等重要問題。因此，對于空間光學遙感器地面檢測工作中大口徑平行光管相關技術(shù)問題的研究具有十分重要的意義。 本文針對大口徑長焦距平行光管制造、裝調(diào)、以及后期使用與維護成本較高的問題，提出了降低大口徑平行光管焦距選用要求的研究思路。研究了平行光管各參數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)選用要求，并重點對其中的焦距選用要求進行了分析與討論，通過使用不同焦距、不同波像差、不同離焦量的平行光管進行仿真像質(zhì)評價實驗，證明了當選用2倍于光學遙感器焦距的平行光管進行檢測時，平行光管的焦面標定誤差對光學檢測結(jié)果造成的影響小于2%，相比使用傳統(tǒng)3~5倍于被檢系統(tǒng)焦距的光管，更能有效地節(jié)約平行光管多方面的使用成本，實現(xiàn)科研資源的合理配置。 除平行光管的內(nèi)部因素以外，測試環(huán)境同樣會對光學遙感器的檢測結(jié)果產(chǎn)生影響，主要原因是不同測試環(huán)境下平行光管的像質(zhì)會發(fā)生改變。為了解決這個問題，本文對影響平行光管像質(zhì)的幾種主要環(huán)境因素進行了分析與研究，確定了氣流擾動是影響平行光管像質(zhì)大幅波動的根本原因。并且通過實驗說明了使用強制對流的方法可以抑制氣流擾動對于平行光管像質(zhì)的影響，使其接近真空狀態(tài)下像質(zhì)的平均水平（λ/25），有效保證了空間光學遙感器光學檢測結(jié)果的精度。 文中還提出了一種應用Zernike多項式消除光學檢測結(jié)果中平行光管引入波像差的方法，該方法通過對平行光管與系統(tǒng)整體出射波前進行運算，能夠重新獲得被檢光學系統(tǒng)的出射波前。根據(jù)光學遙感器地面檢測的形式在ZEMAX環(huán)境中建立了相應的仿真模型，進行了仿真實驗，結(jié)果表明使用該方法獲得的模擬出射波前相比被檢光學系統(tǒng)的出射波前P-V值誤差為0.0032λ，RMS值誤差為0.0003λ。使用口徑150mm、焦距1597mm的平行光管和焦距50mm的光學鏡頭進行了等效實驗，結(jié)果表明使用本方法獲得的模擬出射波前相比被檢鏡頭出射波前P-V值誤差為0.0016λ、RMS值誤差為0.0009λ，，與光學遙感器仿真實驗結(jié)果基本相符。由此可見，本方法可以有效地消除使用平行光管進行光學檢測工作而引入的波像差，使檢測結(jié)果如實地反映被檢光學遙感器真實的光學性能。 除了平行光管自身的波像差以外，平行光管的離焦是對光學遙感器地面檢測工作影響最大也是最容易出現(xiàn)的誤差。在光學遙感器進行空間環(huán)境模擬實驗時，由于溫度與氣壓的大幅改變，大口徑平行光管很容易出現(xiàn)離焦。為了解決真空狀態(tài)下平行光管離焦量檢測難度大、檢測精度低以及非實時性等問題，本文提出了一種基于五棱鏡的自準直相對檢測技術(shù)，詳細說明了該技術(shù)的具體實現(xiàn)方法，分析并修正了由五棱鏡引入的主要系統(tǒng)誤差。使用焦距18m口徑700mm的平行光管進行了實驗，確定了150μm的焦面位置檢測精度，驗證了該技術(shù)的實時檢焦能力。 本論文針對空間光學遙感器地面檢測中大口徑平行光管所引發(fā)的諸多技術(shù)問題進行了詳盡的研究，是對大口徑平行光管應用技術(shù)研究的新嘗試。
[Abstract]:With the development of the spatial optical remote sensor, the technical performance index of the space optical remote sensor is higher and higher, and in order to achieve higher ground resolution, the aperture and the focal length of the space optical remote sensor are gradually increased, The change of the technical factors has brought a series of new problems to the ground detection and the image quality evaluation of the space optical remote sensor. For example, with the increase of the aperture and focal length of the optical remote sensor, a parallel light pipe with a larger diameter and a longer focal length is required for detection and image quality evaluation. The higher the aperture, the longer the parallel light pipe, the higher the accuracy of the focal plane position and the stability of the test environment. However, the guarantee of the aperture of the parallel light pipe and the size of the focal length, the guarantee of the image quality of the parallel light pipe, the guarantee of the position accuracy of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe and even the guarantee of the stability of the test environment can be difficult to realize with the gradual improvement of the technical index of the space optical remote sensor. For the space optical remote sensor, the ground detection and the image quality evaluation are the most basic and most important work, which determines whether the optical remote sensor can realize the smooth operation of the track and whether the designated scientific research or military task can be completed. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the related technical problems of the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor. In this paper, aiming at the problems of large-aperture long-focus parallel light pipe manufacturing, adjusting, and later use and maintenance cost, the research on the requirement of reducing the focal length of the large-diameter parallel light pipe is put forward. In this paper, the traditional selection requirements of the parameters of the parallel light pipe are studied, and the requirements for the selection of the focal length are analyzed and discussed. The real-time simulation of the parallel light pipe with different focal length, different wave aberration and different defocus amount is used to evaluate the image quality. When the parallel light pipe is used for detecting the focal length of the optical remote sensor, the influence of the calibration error of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe on the optical detection result is less than 2%, The invention can effectively save the use cost of the parallel light pipe and realize the reasonable distribution of the scientific research resources. In addition to the internal factors of the parallel light pipe, the test environment will also have an impact on the detection result of the optical remote sensor, mainly due to the image quality of the parallel light pipe under different test environments In order to solve this problem, several main environmental factors that affect the image quality of the parallel light pipe are analyzed and studied, and it is determined that the air flow disturbance is the root that influences the large fluctuation of the image quality of the parallel light pipe. In this paper, the effect of air flow disturbance on the image quality of the parallel light pipe can be restrained by the method of forced convection, so that it is close to the average of the image quality in the vacuum state (1/25), and the optical detection result of the space optical remote sensor is effectively ensured. The invention also provides a method for introducing the wave aberration of a parallel light pipe in the optical detection result by using a Zernike polynomial, According to the form of the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, a corresponding simulation model is set up in the ZEMAX environment, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The results show that the error of the output wave front P-V of the tested optical system is 0.0032%, and the RMS value error is 0. The equivalent experiment was carried out by using an optical lens with a diameter of 150 mm and a focal length of 1597 mm and an optical lens with a focal length of 50 mm. The results show that the error of the wavefront P-V of the detected lens is 0.0016% and the RMS value error is 0 in comparison with the simulated wavefront obtained by the method. 0009, and the simulation experiment of optical remote sensor Therefore, the method can effectively eliminate the wave aberration introduced by using the parallel light pipe to carry out the optical detection work, so that the detection result is truly reflected by the detected optical remote sensor, in addition to the wave aberration of the parallel light pipe, the off-focus of the parallel light pipe is the most important to the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, in the space environment simulation experiment of the optical remote sensor, the large-caliber parallel light pipe In order to solve the problems of large detection difficulty, low detection precision and non-real-time property of the parallel light pipe in the vacuum state, a self-collimation relative detection technique based on pentaprism is proposed in this paper, and the technology is described in detail. According to the specific implementation method, the five-prism introduction is analyzed and corrected, The main error of the system is to use a parallel light pipe with a focal length of 18 m and a diameter of 700mm. The detection accuracy of the focal plane position of 150. m u.m is determined and the technique is verified. In this paper, a detailed study on the technical problems caused by the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor is to study the large-diameter parallel light pipe.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP732
本文編號：2506343
[Abstract]:With the development of the spatial optical remote sensor, the technical performance index of the space optical remote sensor is higher and higher, and in order to achieve higher ground resolution, the aperture and the focal length of the space optical remote sensor are gradually increased, The change of the technical factors has brought a series of new problems to the ground detection and the image quality evaluation of the space optical remote sensor. For example, with the increase of the aperture and focal length of the optical remote sensor, a parallel light pipe with a larger diameter and a longer focal length is required for detection and image quality evaluation. The higher the aperture, the longer the parallel light pipe, the higher the accuracy of the focal plane position and the stability of the test environment. However, the guarantee of the aperture of the parallel light pipe and the size of the focal length, the guarantee of the image quality of the parallel light pipe, the guarantee of the position accuracy of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe and even the guarantee of the stability of the test environment can be difficult to realize with the gradual improvement of the technical index of the space optical remote sensor. For the space optical remote sensor, the ground detection and the image quality evaluation are the most basic and most important work, which determines whether the optical remote sensor can realize the smooth operation of the track and whether the designated scientific research or military task can be completed. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the related technical problems of the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor. In this paper, aiming at the problems of large-aperture long-focus parallel light pipe manufacturing, adjusting, and later use and maintenance cost, the research on the requirement of reducing the focal length of the large-diameter parallel light pipe is put forward. In this paper, the traditional selection requirements of the parameters of the parallel light pipe are studied, and the requirements for the selection of the focal length are analyzed and discussed. The real-time simulation of the parallel light pipe with different focal length, different wave aberration and different defocus amount is used to evaluate the image quality. When the parallel light pipe is used for detecting the focal length of the optical remote sensor, the influence of the calibration error of the focal plane of the parallel light pipe on the optical detection result is less than 2%, The invention can effectively save the use cost of the parallel light pipe and realize the reasonable distribution of the scientific research resources. In addition to the internal factors of the parallel light pipe, the test environment will also have an impact on the detection result of the optical remote sensor, mainly due to the image quality of the parallel light pipe under different test environments In order to solve this problem, several main environmental factors that affect the image quality of the parallel light pipe are analyzed and studied, and it is determined that the air flow disturbance is the root that influences the large fluctuation of the image quality of the parallel light pipe. In this paper, the effect of air flow disturbance on the image quality of the parallel light pipe can be restrained by the method of forced convection, so that it is close to the average of the image quality in the vacuum state (1/25), and the optical detection result of the space optical remote sensor is effectively ensured. The invention also provides a method for introducing the wave aberration of a parallel light pipe in the optical detection result by using a Zernike polynomial, According to the form of the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, a corresponding simulation model is set up in the ZEMAX environment, and the simulation experiment is carried out. The results show that the error of the output wave front P-V of the tested optical system is 0.0032%, and the RMS value error is 0. The equivalent experiment was carried out by using an optical lens with a diameter of 150 mm and a focal length of 1597 mm and an optical lens with a focal length of 50 mm. The results show that the error of the wavefront P-V of the detected lens is 0.0016% and the RMS value error is 0 in comparison with the simulated wavefront obtained by the method. 0009, and the simulation experiment of optical remote sensor Therefore, the method can effectively eliminate the wave aberration introduced by using the parallel light pipe to carry out the optical detection work, so that the detection result is truly reflected by the detected optical remote sensor, in addition to the wave aberration of the parallel light pipe, the off-focus of the parallel light pipe is the most important to the ground detection of the optical remote sensor, in the space environment simulation experiment of the optical remote sensor, the large-caliber parallel light pipe In order to solve the problems of large detection difficulty, low detection precision and non-real-time property of the parallel light pipe in the vacuum state, a self-collimation relative detection technique based on pentaprism is proposed in this paper, and the technology is described in detail. According to the specific implementation method, the five-prism introduction is analyzed and corrected, The main error of the system is to use a parallel light pipe with a focal length of 18 m and a diameter of 700mm. The detection accuracy of the focal plane position of 150. m u.m is determined and the technique is verified. In this paper, a detailed study on the technical problems caused by the large-diameter parallel light pipe in the ground detection of the space optical remote sensor is to study the large-diameter parallel light pipe.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學院研究生院(長春光學精密機械與物理研究所)
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP732
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