液氦溫區(qū)斯特林型脈管制冷機(jī)實(shí)際氣體效應(yīng)影響及性能優(yōu)化研究
[Abstract]:The high-tech areas, such as medical, aerospace and scientific research, are becoming more and more urgent for liquid helium and the following temperature areas, such as for medical MRI, cooling of superconducting magnet and quantum communication devices, and low-temperature environment maintenance. The Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator has the advantages of long service life, high efficiency, low electromagnetic interference, small cold end temperature fluctuation and the like. In recent years, although some progress has been made in the research of the Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region, there is still a great gap in the minimum refrigeration temperature and the cooling efficiency compared with the G-M pulse tube refrigerator. The multi-level structure coupling of the Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region is complicated, the high-frequency heat-return efficiency is low, the real gas effect loss, the small-tone phase of the sound work and the severe change of the specific heat of the working medium are difficult, and the complex problems seriously restrict the development of the Stirling type pulse-type pulse-type pulse-type pulse tube refrigerator. In order to further improve the refrigeration performance of the Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region, the mechanism of the effect of the real gas effect on the heat recovery performance of the liquid helium temperature region is revealed, a new way to improve the heat recovery efficiency is explored, and the liquid helium temperature is obtained by adopting the multi-stage pulse tube refrigerator, So as to improve the refrigeration efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region. In this paper, the following three aspects of research work are carried out:1. Based on the law of thermodynamics, the thermodynamic characteristics of the refrigeration working medium He-4 and He-3 in the liquid helium temperature range are compared and compared, and various losses of the pulse tube refrigerator under the two working fluids are given. The refrigeration performance of the two working fluids in the vessel of the liquid helium temperature zone is studied in combination with Sage and REGEN3. The minimum refrigeration temperature of the cold end phase of the regenerator caused by the change of the working medium is quantitatively studied from the aspects of the cold end phase angle and the heat regenerator loss. The influence of the cooling capacity and the performance coefficient (COP) is the theoretical guidance for the experimental optimization of the different working fluid (He-3, He-4) of the liquid helium Stirling pulse tube refrigerator. He-3 and He-4 are used as the working medium, and the experimental results show that He-3 is used to replace the He-4 type pulse tube refrigerator, and the lower refrigeration temperature can not be obtained. The experimental results, the average pressure, the pre-cooling temperature, the operating frequency and the input power of He-3 were then analyzed to find out the optimization of the operating parameters needed to improve the performance of the refrigerator due to the change of the physical properties of the working medium. The minimum cooling temperature of He-3 working medium is reduced from 5.4K to 4.03K by operating parameters, and 20 mW of cooling capacity is obtained at 4.86K. This is the lowest cooling temperature reached by the current three-stage Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator. In ord to further understand that effect of the refrigerator filler on the performance of the refrigerator under the physical property of the working medium, a multi-layer re-thermal packing optimization experiment of the different components of the 4-20K temperature zone of He-4 as a working medium is studied. The theoretical and experimental study of the effect of the direct current (DC flow) in the liquid helium temperature zone on the performance of the vessel's cooling performance is to study the problem of the serious loss of the real gas in the high-frequency vessel in the liquid helium temperature zone of the He-4 working medium. The law of the mass flow and the energy flow in the regenerator of the liquid helium temperature zone is studied, and the auxiliary regulation scheme of the liquid helium temperature zone DC flow is proposed. The effect of the DC current on the partial loss of the tube heat regenerator in the liquid helium temperature zone and the influence of different mass flow, operating frequency and average pressure on the performance of the refrigerator under the DC structure are analyzed in combination with the current flow theory. In order to verify the theoretical calculation results and to explore the feasibility of using the DC flow to improve the refrigeration performance of the Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region, the DC flow structure of the liquid helium temperature zone with different structure is designed, and the experimental study of the third stage DC flow of the multi-stage Stirling vessel in the liquid helium temperature region is carried out. The effects of different DC structures on the temperature distribution of the heat regenerator, the no-load cooling temperature and the pre-cooling temperature are studied, and the advantages and disadvantages introduced in the structure of the DC flow are compared. On the basis of summarizing the advantages and disadvantages of different structures, the scheme of adding the DC current loop to improve the performance of the liquid helium temperature zone refrigerator is put forward, and the performance of the refrigerator is obviously improved while suppressing the adverse effect of the real gas effect. The experimental results show that the minimum refrigeration temperature of the liquid helium-temperature-zone refrigerator is reduced from 7.8 K to 6.2 K at the time of the critical temperature of He-4 by adopting the DC current structure under the same operation condition. The temperature of the cold end is reduced from 4.76K to 4.69K in the liquid helium temperature zone.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2016
【分類號(hào)】:TB651
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