基于物理聚焦的超聲換能器及其探測系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)方法
[Abstract]:With the development of electronic technology and automation technology, ultrasonic testing technology has the characteristics of image, automation, digitization, intelligence and strong permeability, which has become an important research field of modern detection technology. Ultrasonic transducer (also called probe) as an important part of ultrasonic detection system, its detection performance directly affects the accuracy and grade of detection. According to Shannon's formula, the maximum information capacity of ultrasonic transmission is related to the channel transmission bandwidth and channel signal-to-noise ratio of ultrasonic transducer. Therefore, if the ultrasonic transducer has a wide frequency band and good signal-to-noise ratio, it can obtain the maximum information capacity. However, the existing ultrasonic transducer has some shortcomings, such as short excitation time, narrow signal frequency band, small echo signal, etc. As a result, the transmission information capacity is small and the detection performance is not high. Therefore, by studying the spatial distribution of acoustic field and the nonlinear acoustic field characteristics of physical focusing in a specific detection vessel, this paper presents a method of ultrasonic transducer realization based on physical focusing. It can increase the local pressure of the detector, concentrate the probe energy, and improve the detection accuracy. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. The working principle of common ultrasonic transducer is deeply studied, and the spatial distribution of sound field and the directivity of sound beam of single crystal circular sound source, single crystal rectangular sound source and phased array sound source are analyzed theoretically. Then, the spatial distribution of sound pressure and the directivity of sound beam are simulated and simulated, and the characteristics of spatial distribution of sound pressure, the focusing of sound beam and the deflection of sound beam are summarized. The spatial distribution characteristics of nonlinear acoustic field in the detector model are theoretically studied, and the acoustic pressure amplitude characteristics of the detector model with conical and exponential shapes are deduced, and a realization method of ultrasonic transducer based on physical focusing is proposed. It can overcome the defect that the straight probe can not be focused. The local sound pressure can be increased on the basis of keeping the transmission power of the probe and ensuring the minimum total radiation. The detection range can be reduced, the energy of the ultrasonic probe can be converged, and the detection accuracy can be improved. At the same time, combined with the principle of communication system composition, the composition and working principle of ultrasonic detection system are studied in detail. 3. The finite element numerical sound field simulation analysis of the ultrasonic transducer with physical focus is carried out by using PZFLex software. At the same time, different parameters are set for the transducer to analyze the effect of beam focusing when the detector has different taper and position. 4. Three frequency response algorithms for estimating the channel response of the physical focusing detection system are studied in depth. On this basis, the frequency response characteristics of the physical focused ultrasonic transducer are tested in the actual environment, which proves its operability in practical application.
【學位授予單位】:華南理工大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2016
【分類號】:TB552
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