【摘要】：空間信號(hào)源的波達(dá)方位角估計(jì)已經(jīng)成為水聲領(lǐng)域中的一個(gè)重要研究方向。矢量水聽(tīng)器與傳統(tǒng)的聲壓水聽(tīng)器相比，有著得天獨(dú)厚的優(yōu)勢(shì)，它可以同時(shí)獲得聲場(chǎng)中的聲壓信息和振速信息，為水下聲信號(hào)的檢測(cè)和估計(jì)提供了更為豐富的聲場(chǎng)信息。由中北大學(xué)自主研制的MEMS矢量水聽(tīng)器具有體積小、質(zhì)量輕、成本低、且一次性集成等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，隨著生產(chǎn)工藝的日益成熟和性能的不斷改善，該MEMS矢量水聽(tīng)器將被廣泛的應(yīng)用于水聲領(lǐng)域。因此，采用該MEMS矢量水聽(tīng)器組陣對(duì)目標(biāo)測(cè)向的研究是具有重要意義的。論文的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下： 首先，介紹了MEMS矢量水聽(tīng)器的仿生工作原理、理論分析了水聽(tīng)器的指向性，，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了矢量水聽(tīng)器具有良好的靈敏度和偶極子指向性，并對(duì)水聽(tīng)器的測(cè)向原理做了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹，為后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)奠定了理論基礎(chǔ)。 其次，闡述了陣列信號(hào)處理的原理、傳感器陣列的輸出模型和常用的陣列形式。通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)仿真，分析MUSIC算法和ESPRIT算法對(duì)目標(biāo)波達(dá)方位角估計(jì)的性能并進(jìn)行對(duì)比。表明MUSIC算法的性能比ESPRIT算法更加優(yōu)越，但ESPRIT算法無(wú)需譜峰搜索，計(jì)算量減小了許多。 再次，對(duì)水聽(tīng)器陣列的誤差進(jìn)行了建模，理論分析了陣列誤差對(duì)MUSIC算法的影響。針對(duì)陣列誤差的影響，重點(diǎn)仿真分析幅度誤差和相位誤差對(duì)MUSIC算法進(jìn)行波達(dá)方位角估計(jì)的影響。為減少幅相誤差的影響，研究了單輔助源和輔助陣源兩種校正算法，通過(guò)這兩種方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了幅相誤差的校正。 最后，利用MEMS矢量水聽(tīng)器組成十字陣，實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)目標(biāo)的動(dòng)態(tài)跟蹤。對(duì)部分測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了分析處理，結(jié)果表明，利用MUSIC算法能夠?qū)κ噶克?tīng)器陣列的方位角進(jìn)行波達(dá)估計(jì)，并能較好的對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)目標(biāo)進(jìn)行方位跟蹤。
[Abstract]:Azimuth estimation of spatial signal sources has become an important research direction in underwater acoustic field. Compared with the traditional acoustic hydrophone, the vector hydrophone has a unique advantage. It can simultaneously obtain the sound pressure information and the vibration velocity information in the sound field, which provides more abundant sound field information for the underwater acoustic signal detection and estimation. The MEMS vector hydrophone developed by Zhongbei University has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low cost and one-off integration. The MEMS vector hydrophone will be widely used in underwater acoustic field. Therefore, using the MEMS vector hydrophone array is of great significance to the research of target direction finding. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the bionic working principle of MEMS vector hydrophone is introduced, the directivity of the hydrophone is analyzed theoretically, and the good sensitivity and dipole directivity of the vector hydrophone are verified by experiments. The principle of hydrophone direction finding is briefly introduced, which lays a theoretical foundation for subsequent experiments. Secondly, the principle of array signal processing, the output model of sensor array and the common array form are described. Through computer simulation, the performance of MUSIC algorithm and ESPRIT algorithm to estimate the azimuth of target is analyzed and compared. It is shown that the performance of MUSIC algorithm is better than that of ESPRIT algorithm, but the ESPRIT algorithm does not need to search for spectral peaks, and the computational complexity is much reduced. Thirdly, the error of hydrophone array is modeled, and the influence of array error on MUSIC algorithm is analyzed theoretically. Aiming at the effect of array error, the influence of amplitude error and phase error on the azimuth of arrival (DOA) estimation of MUSIC algorithm is analyzed. In order to reduce the effect of amplitude-phase error, two correction algorithms, single auxiliary source and auxiliary array source, are studied, and the amplitude-phase error correction is realized by these two methods. Finally, the cross array is composed of MEMS vector hydrophone to realize the dynamic tracking of the target. The results show that the azimuth of the vector hydrophone array can be estimated by MUSIC algorithm and the azimuth tracking of moving target can be achieved.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB565.1

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