基于SBAS-InSAR技術的北京市地面沉降分析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-19 19:00
【摘要】：北京市自二十世紀六十年代起發(fā)現(xiàn)地面沉降,隨著工業(yè)化推進以及城市建設的不斷擴張,地面沉降量逐漸增加,成為城市發(fā)展和城市安全的威脅之一。北京市已經建成了由精密水準測量為主體的,結合GPS技術和InSAR技術的沉降觀測監(jiān)測網(wǎng),取得了精確的數(shù)據(jù),為城市規(guī)劃、城市建設和防災減災提供了重要參考。目前的監(jiān)測網(wǎng)絡以傳統(tǒng)精密水準測量作為主要技術手段,水準測量雖然具有技術成熟,歷史資料豐富、設備造價相對低廉等優(yōu)點,但是施測周期長,測量點位相對稀疏,人員成本高、復測周期長等問題也十分明顯。與傳統(tǒng)監(jiān)測手段對比,InSAR監(jiān)測方法由于其雷達測量的原理決定其具有精度可靠,覆蓋范圍大,相干點位密集,復測周期短,可以在短時間進行連續(xù)觀測等優(yōu)勢。采用2003年6月至2010年6月共52景Envisat-ASAR影像,利用小基線集技術進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,得到了時間序列形變速率圖,獲得了實驗時間內北京沉降整體分布情況。通過與一二等水準監(jiān)測資料對比,利用SBAS-InSAR方法進行沉降監(jiān)測獲得的地面沉降速率與沉降量與水準監(jiān)測結果相當,可以滿足一般城市沉降監(jiān)測的需要。作為城市地面沉降的監(jiān)測手段,水準測量方法和InSAR監(jiān)測方法二者互為補充,應長期并存下去。同時應堅持水資源變化監(jiān)測和綜合地理信息國情的監(jiān)測,為城市建設和防災減災提供保障。通過對相干點的統(tǒng)計分析可知,目前北京市既有大范圍緩慢整體沉降,也有局部快速沉降,就分布而言西部、北部和東部山區(qū)沉降量比較穩(wěn)定,城市主城區(qū)沉降量也較小,由昌平區(qū)東南部至朝陽區(qū)、通州區(qū)西部形成了較為連續(xù)的沉降區(qū),此趨勢一直發(fā)展到北京南部大興區(qū)的大片區(qū)域,沉降呈現(xiàn)多中心的發(fā)展形態(tài),沉降量最大區(qū)域分布在朝陽區(qū)及通州區(qū),最大累計沉降量為847.5mm。通過對利用SBAS-InSAR技術得到的地面沉降序列結合斷裂分布圖、工程地質資料綜合分析,可知地質構造、地層巖性是北京市地面沉降形成的內在條件和總體因素。通過對局部地面荷載分布、地下水監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)、多年降水統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)、人口變化等數(shù)據(jù)結合SBAS-InSAR沉降監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)進行相關分析,可知地面荷載、地下水變化和人口因素是地面沉降發(fā)展的外在條件和可控因素,局地地下水超采是局部地面沉降快速發(fā)展的直接原因。應從控制地下水開采,改善城市發(fā)展模式等方式進行防控。
[Abstract]:Land subsidence has been discovered in Beijing since 1960s. With the development of industrialization and the continuous expansion of urban construction, the amount of land subsidence has gradually increased, which has become one of the threats to urban development and urban safety. Beijing has built a settlement monitoring network with precision leveling as the main body, combined with GPS technology and InSAR technology, and has obtained accurate data, which provides an important reference for urban planning, urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. The current monitoring network takes traditional precision leveling as the main technical means. Although leveling has the advantages of mature technology, rich historical data and relatively low equipment cost, it has a long measuring period and relatively sparse measuring points. High staff costs, long test cycle and other problems are also very obvious. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, InSAR monitoring method has the advantages of high accuracy and reliability, wide coverage, dense coherent points, short repetition period and so on, because of the principle of radar measurement. It can be observed continuously in a short time. Using 52 Envisat-ASAR images from June 2003 to June 2010, the data were processed by using small baseline set technique, and the deformation rate map of time series was obtained, and the overall distribution of Beijing subsidence in the experimental time was obtained. Compared with the first and second grade leveling monitoring data, the land subsidence rate obtained by SBAS-InSAR method is equivalent to that of leveling monitoring, which can meet the needs of urban subsidence monitoring. As a monitoring method of urban land subsidence, leveling method and InSAR monitoring method complement each other and should coexist for a long time. At the same time, we should insist on the monitoring of water resources change and the monitoring of the national conditions of comprehensive geographical information, so as to provide guarantee for urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. Through the statistical analysis of the coherent points, it can be seen that there are both slow and local rapid subsidence in Beijing. In terms of distribution, the settlement in the western, northern and eastern mountainous areas is relatively stable, and the settlement amount in the main urban area of the city is also relatively small. From the southeast of Changping District to Chaoyang District, the western part of Tongzhou District has formed a relatively continuous subsidence area. This trend has been developed to a large area of Daxing District in the south of Beijing. The largest area of settlement is located in Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District, and the maximum accumulative settlement is 847.5 mm. Through the comprehensive analysis of the land subsidence sequence and the fault distribution map obtained by using SBAS-InSAR technology and the engineering geological data, it can be concluded that geological structure and stratigraphic lithology are the internal conditions and overall factors for the formation of the ground subsidence in Beijing. Based on the analysis of local surface load distribution, groundwater monitoring data, precipitation statistics, population change and SBAS-InSAR subsidence monitoring data, we can know the ground load. Groundwater changes and population factors are the external conditions and controllable factors for the development of land subsidence. Local groundwater overexploitation is the direct reason for the rapid development of local land subsidence. Prevention and control should be carried out by controlling groundwater exploitation and improving urban development model.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.26
本文編號：2192533
[Abstract]:Land subsidence has been discovered in Beijing since 1960s. With the development of industrialization and the continuous expansion of urban construction, the amount of land subsidence has gradually increased, which has become one of the threats to urban development and urban safety. Beijing has built a settlement monitoring network with precision leveling as the main body, combined with GPS technology and InSAR technology, and has obtained accurate data, which provides an important reference for urban planning, urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. The current monitoring network takes traditional precision leveling as the main technical means. Although leveling has the advantages of mature technology, rich historical data and relatively low equipment cost, it has a long measuring period and relatively sparse measuring points. High staff costs, long test cycle and other problems are also very obvious. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, InSAR monitoring method has the advantages of high accuracy and reliability, wide coverage, dense coherent points, short repetition period and so on, because of the principle of radar measurement. It can be observed continuously in a short time. Using 52 Envisat-ASAR images from June 2003 to June 2010, the data were processed by using small baseline set technique, and the deformation rate map of time series was obtained, and the overall distribution of Beijing subsidence in the experimental time was obtained. Compared with the first and second grade leveling monitoring data, the land subsidence rate obtained by SBAS-InSAR method is equivalent to that of leveling monitoring, which can meet the needs of urban subsidence monitoring. As a monitoring method of urban land subsidence, leveling method and InSAR monitoring method complement each other and should coexist for a long time. At the same time, we should insist on the monitoring of water resources change and the monitoring of the national conditions of comprehensive geographical information, so as to provide guarantee for urban construction and disaster prevention and mitigation. Through the statistical analysis of the coherent points, it can be seen that there are both slow and local rapid subsidence in Beijing. In terms of distribution, the settlement in the western, northern and eastern mountainous areas is relatively stable, and the settlement amount in the main urban area of the city is also relatively small. From the southeast of Changping District to Chaoyang District, the western part of Tongzhou District has formed a relatively continuous subsidence area. This trend has been developed to a large area of Daxing District in the south of Beijing. The largest area of settlement is located in Chaoyang District and Tongzhou District, and the maximum accumulative settlement is 847.5 mm. Through the comprehensive analysis of the land subsidence sequence and the fault distribution map obtained by using SBAS-InSAR technology and the engineering geological data, it can be concluded that geological structure and stratigraphic lithology are the internal conditions and overall factors for the formation of the ground subsidence in Beijing. Based on the analysis of local surface load distribution, groundwater monitoring data, precipitation statistics, population change and SBAS-InSAR subsidence monitoring data, we can know the ground load. Groundwater changes and population factors are the external conditions and controllable factors for the development of land subsidence. Local groundwater overexploitation is the direct reason for the rapid development of local land subsidence. Prevention and control should be carried out by controlling groundwater exploitation and improving urban development model.
【學位授予單位】：中國地質大學(北京)
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P642.26
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，本文編號：2192533
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