【摘要】：艙室是操縱控制的人機(jī)交互節(jié)點(diǎn),人機(jī)界面由大量顯示、操控部件組成,構(gòu)造復(fù)雜。對(duì)艙室人機(jī)界面進(jìn)行合理的布局設(shè)計(jì),可以給作業(yè)人員提供舒適的操作姿勢(shì)、良好的視野和宜人的環(huán)境氛圍,有助于充分發(fā)揮作業(yè)人員的工作效率。從人機(jī)工效的角度進(jìn)行布局設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估優(yōu)化具有非常重要的意義。但是,目前布局問(wèn)題研究多從工程實(shí)踐的角度,以提高空間、材料的利用率為研究目標(biāo),而鮮有在艙室布局設(shè)計(jì)中考慮人的認(rèn)知特性規(guī)律和感性意象需求。艙室評(píng)估多以定性分析為主,或者以單一因素、局部設(shè)計(jì)為研究對(duì)象,缺乏系統(tǒng)的定量研究。針對(duì)上述問(wèn)題,在中國(guó)石油集團(tuán)測(cè)井有限公司項(xiàng)目“測(cè)井儀器車中倉(cāng)工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)”以及國(guó)家863計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目“4500米載人潛水器設(shè)計(jì)與關(guān)鍵技術(shù)研究子課題:艙內(nèi)布局優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法研究”的支持下,圍繞艙室人機(jī)界面布局設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估優(yōu)化的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)進(jìn)行了研究。本文的主要內(nèi)容和創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)如下:(1)從工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的角度,對(duì)艙室人機(jī)界面布局設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估優(yōu)化問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分解、描述與求解,提出了艙室人機(jī)界面布局設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估優(yōu)化研究方法框架。包括:基于遺傳-蟻群算法的人機(jī)界面空間布局設(shè)計(jì)方法;基于分層交互式遺傳算法的人機(jī)界面色彩布局設(shè)計(jì)方法;涵蓋視覺(jué)工效、操作舒適性和人因可靠性分析的布局工效綜合評(píng)估方法;基于基因表達(dá)式編程算法的色彩意象評(píng)估方法。(2)在空間布局設(shè)計(jì)方面,在Wickens信息加工模型基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建了艙室人機(jī)界面認(rèn)知模型。通過(guò)認(rèn)知模型來(lái)描述人的認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程,研究人的認(rèn)知特性規(guī)律,總結(jié)布局設(shè)計(jì)原則。分別針對(duì)各原則構(gòu)建布局優(yōu)化的數(shù)學(xué)模型和布局優(yōu)化目標(biāo)函數(shù),將布局方案求解問(wèn)題轉(zhuǎn)化為組合優(yōu)化問(wèn)題,采用遺傳-蟻群算法求解。研究了面向布局優(yōu)化的適應(yīng)度函數(shù)、信息素和啟發(fā)信息的表達(dá)形式,先利用遺傳算法生成布局方案次優(yōu)解,并轉(zhuǎn)化為初始信息素分布,再利用蟻群算法的正反饋尋優(yōu)機(jī)制精確求解,實(shí)現(xiàn)了方案求解的人工尋優(yōu)過(guò)程的算法化,獲得了較好的優(yōu)化性能和時(shí)間性能。(3)在色彩布局設(shè)計(jì)方面,探討了色彩值、色彩數(shù)、面積比重和位置分布形式等綜合因素對(duì)色彩意象的影響。利用KJ法將125個(gè)色彩樣本分組,通過(guò)語(yǔ)義差異法調(diào)查了色彩樣本與意象語(yǔ)義“動(dòng)感的-沉靜的”的關(guān)系。將形容詞對(duì)“動(dòng)感的-沉靜的”色彩意象評(píng)價(jià)分為動(dòng)感的、中立的、沉靜的三種灰類,通過(guò)灰色聚類法預(yù)測(cè)由多種色彩搭配的人機(jī)界面整體色彩意象傾向。結(jié)合色彩意象定位值獲取色彩組合,構(gòu)建出可行解色彩數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。利用交互式遺傳算法的全局搜索功能進(jìn)行色彩組合,并通過(guò)分層搜索來(lái)縮小搜索空間加速種群收斂。(4)在布局工效評(píng)估方面,從人機(jī)工效學(xué)的角度評(píng)價(jià)艙室內(nèi)的顯示、控制元件布局是否符合人的生理結(jié)構(gòu)和心理特征,是否能將人的失誤概率盡可能降低到最小。在分析人體視野特性的基礎(chǔ)上,改進(jìn)了汽車視野設(shè)計(jì)原理中的眼橢圓和H點(diǎn),利用眼橢球快速定位人體模型,應(yīng)用CATIA軟件進(jìn)行了可視性分析和主要操作姿勢(shì)仿真。結(jié)合Kane動(dòng)力學(xué)模型和NASA力量模型,將關(guān)節(jié)力矩引入到關(guān)節(jié)舒適性評(píng)估中,以上肢操作舒適性評(píng)估布局方案優(yōu)劣。針對(duì)石油工業(yè)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域,改進(jìn)CREAM方法中的共同績(jī)效條件因子,以層次分析法確定其權(quán)重,結(jié)合灰色關(guān)聯(lián)分析定量評(píng)估艙室人因可靠性。(5)在色彩意象評(píng)估方面,從色彩心理效應(yīng)的角度評(píng)價(jià)艙室環(huán)境色彩設(shè)計(jì)是否能夠合理發(fā)揮色彩的調(diào)節(jié)功能,是否符合用戶的色彩意象需求。將艙室環(huán)境色彩樣本與意象語(yǔ)義以語(yǔ)義差異法進(jìn)行色彩意象評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)驗(yàn)。通過(guò)因子分析對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,在保留數(shù)據(jù)主要信息的前提下,去除數(shù)據(jù)間的相關(guān)性,有效降低數(shù)據(jù)維數(shù)。并結(jié)合熵權(quán)法確定各色彩因子的客觀權(quán)重。以125組評(píng)價(jià)數(shù)據(jù)作為預(yù)測(cè)模型的數(shù)據(jù)基礎(chǔ),基于基因表達(dá)式編程算法實(shí)現(xiàn)了復(fù)雜函數(shù)的自動(dòng)建模,構(gòu)建了艙室環(huán)境色彩樣本的因子得分與綜合色彩意象之間的最佳擬合函數(shù),為色彩意象的快速評(píng)估提供了解決方法。通過(guò)上述研究工作,最終形成了一套適用于艙室人機(jī)界面布局設(shè)計(jì)與評(píng)估優(yōu)化的理論與方法體系,開(kāi)發(fā)了原型系統(tǒng),并結(jié)合石油鉆機(jī)司鉆控制室人機(jī)界面布局案例進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。豐富和完善了艙室人機(jī)工效研究理論體系,對(duì)于提高艙室人機(jī)性能具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:The cabin is a man-machine interaction node with control and control. The man-machine interface is composed of a large number of display and manipulative components, and the structure is complex. A reasonable layout design of the man-machine interface of the cabin can provide a comfortable operating posture for the workers, a good vision and a pleasant environment, which will help to give full play to the working efficiency of the workers. From the man-machine The layout design and evaluation and optimization of the ergonomics are of great significance. However, at present, the study of layout problems is mostly from the perspective of engineering practice, in order to improve the space and the utilization of materials as the research goal, but few in the layout design of the cabin are concerned about the cognitive characteristics and perceptual image needs of the people. In view of the above problems, a sub project on the design and key technology research of the 4500 meter manned submersible and the key project of the National 863 plan project: the layout of the 4500 meter manned submersible and key technology: the layout of the cabin. Under the support of the optimization design method research, the key technologies around the layout design and evaluation optimization of the man-machine interface of the cabin are studied. The main contents and innovation points of this paper are as follows: (1) from the angle of industrial design, the problem of the layout design and evaluation optimization of the man-machine interface of the cabin is decomposed, described and solved, and the man-machine boundary of the cabin is put forward. The method framework of surface layout design and evaluation optimization, including: the spatial layout design method based on the genetic ant colony algorithm, the HMI color layout design method based on the hierarchical and interactive genetic algorithm, the comprehensive evaluation method of layout efficiency covering visual ergonomics, operation comfort and human reliability analysis; The color image evaluation method of expression programming algorithm (2) (2) on the basis of the spatial layout design, the cognitive model of human interface in the cabin is built on the basis of the information processing model of the space. The cognitive model is used to describe the human cognition process, the law of human cognition and the principle of layout design. The layout optimization is constructed for each principle respectively. The mathematical model and the layout optimization objective function are used to transform the problem of layout solution into combinatorial optimization problem, and the genetic ant colony algorithm is used to solve the problem. The fitness function for layout optimization, the expression of pheromone and heuristic information are studied. The suboptimal solution of the layout scheme is generated by genetic algorithm, and the distribution of the initial pheromone is transformed. The algorithm of the positive feedback optimization mechanism of ant colony algorithm is solved accurately, and the algorithm of the artificial optimization process of the solution is realized. The better optimization performance and time performance are obtained. (3) in the color layout design, the influence of color value, color number, area proportion and position distribution form on color image is discussed. The use of K The J method grouped 125 color samples. Through the semantic difference method, the relationship between the color samples and the image semantic "dynamic and static" was investigated. The adjectives were divided into three kinds of dynamic, neutral and quiet grey categories with the "dynamic and quiet" color image evaluation, and the human computer interface as a whole was predicted by the grey clustering method. Color image tendency. Combined with color image positioning value to obtain color combination, construct a feasible solution color database. Use the global search function of interactive genetic algorithm to make color combination, and reduce search space by stratified search to accelerate population convergence. (4) evaluation of the cabin from the perspective of ergonomics in the field of ergonomics evaluation. It shows whether the layout of the control element conforms to the physiological structure and psychological characteristics of the human, whether it can minimize the probability of human error. On the basis of the analysis of the characteristics of the visual field of the human body, the eye ellipse and H point in the design principle of the car are improved, the human model is located with the eye ellipsoid fast, and the CATIA software is applied. Visual analysis and Simulation of main operating posture. Combined with Kane dynamic model and NASA force model, joint torque is introduced into joint comfort assessment, and the layout scheme is evaluated with upper limb operating comfort. In the field of petroleum industry, the common performance factors in the CREAM method are improved, and the weight of the joint is determined by the analytic hierarchy process. Grey relational analysis is used to evaluate the reliability of cabin people. (5) in the aspect of color image evaluation, from the perspective of color psychological effect, whether the design of cabin environment color can play a rational function of color adjustment and whether it is in line with the user's color image requirements. The color samples and image semantics of the cabin environment are carried out by semantic difference method. The experiment of color image evaluation is preprocessed by factor analysis. On the premise of retaining the main information of the data, the correlation between the data is removed and the data dimension is effectively reduced. The objective weight of each color factor is determined by entropy weight method. 125 groups of evaluation data are used as the data base of the prediction model and based on the gene expression. The programming algorithm realizes the automatic modeling of complex functions, constructs the best fitting function between the factor score of the color sample of the cabin environment and the comprehensive color image, and provides a solution for the rapid evaluation of the color image. Through the above research, a set of suitable layout and evaluation optimization of the human-computer interface of the cabin is formed. Based on the theory and method system, the prototype system is developed, and the case of the man-machine interface layout of the driller control room of the drilling rig is verified. The theoretical system of the man-machine efficiency research in the cabin is enriched and perfected, which is of practical value for improving the man-machine performance of the cabin.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：U674.941;TB18
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本文編號(hào)：2129312