空天飛機(jī)熱防護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)材料的仿生研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-17 05:22
【摘要】：本文首先介紹了以美國(guó)為主的國(guó)外空天飛機(jī)可重復(fù)使用熱防護(hù)系統(tǒng)(Reusable Thermal Protection System,RTPS)的發(fā)展概況,包括該系統(tǒng)研究與開(kāi)發(fā)的難點(diǎn)、溫度區(qū)域的劃分、防護(hù)的措施、材料的選用、兩代RTPS的對(duì)比以及X-37B采用的新理念、新材料等。在此基礎(chǔ)上,根據(jù)我國(guó)空天技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)和水平,探尋我國(guó)RTPS技術(shù)的發(fā)展模式。據(jù)此,本研究結(jié)合該系統(tǒng)發(fā)展的趨勢(shì),歸納出RTPS的相關(guān)需求,并來(lái)確定本課題的研究?jī)?nèi)容和技術(shù)路線。根據(jù)空天飛機(jī)熱防護(hù)系統(tǒng)的特殊需求,本研究運(yùn)用仿生的理念,提出了適用于低溫、中溫和高溫條件的多種結(jié)構(gòu)模型。然后,選用適當(dāng)?shù)脑牧?運(yùn)用纖維纏繞、模壓粘結(jié)、機(jī)械加工、電切削、擴(kuò)散焊、電沉積、電阻焊、纖維編織等各種工藝手段成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了五種樣品的制備,通過(guò)對(duì)它們的力學(xué)和熱學(xué)性能的測(cè)試與分析,得出相應(yīng)的結(jié)論。根據(jù)東方龍虱鞘翅的微觀結(jié)構(gòu),提出了雙向方形管的碳纖維-芳綸紙的仿鞘翅結(jié)構(gòu)。然后,采用纖維纏繞和模壓粘結(jié)成型的方法制備了相應(yīng)的樣品。力學(xué)測(cè)試表明,這種夾層結(jié)構(gòu)材料的抗壓能力為同密度的芳綸紙蜂窩夾層結(jié)構(gòu)材料的1.83倍。水浴測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,該結(jié)構(gòu)材料隔熱性能優(yōu)良。此外,該結(jié)構(gòu)材料的力學(xué)及熱學(xué)FEM分析結(jié)果與測(cè)試結(jié)果具有較好的一致性。在建立一種簡(jiǎn)單規(guī)則的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)模型之后,本研究采用電阻焊和電沉積的綜合手段實(shí)現(xiàn)了金屬線條格柵樣品的精確制備。力學(xué)性能測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,樣品力學(xué)性能的數(shù)值非常集中,相對(duì)于同類(lèi)型的泡沫金屬,它力學(xué)性能的離散度明顯要小得多。由于結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則、簡(jiǎn)單,金屬線條格柵材料的力學(xué)性能可以通過(guò)FEM分析快速預(yù)測(cè)。在基體材料和密度相同的多孔金屬中,鎳線條格柵結(jié)構(gòu)的強(qiáng)度屬于中等水平。通過(guò)改進(jìn)金屬線條格柵,用金屬管代替金屬線條,設(shè)計(jì)出規(guī)則的金屬管制格柵結(jié)構(gòu)的模型,并采用電切削、機(jī)械加工和電沉積的綜合方法成功實(shí)現(xiàn)了樣品的制備。力學(xué)性能測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,結(jié)構(gòu)規(guī)則的金屬管制格柵樣品不僅力學(xué)性能數(shù)值比較集中,而且它的比強(qiáng)度提高顯著。與金屬線條格柵相比,它的抗壓比強(qiáng)度提高了52%。金屬管制格柵力學(xué)性的FEM分析也同樣方便、快捷。在基體材料和密度相同的多孔金屬中,鎳管格柵材料的強(qiáng)度屬于中上水平。通過(guò)對(duì)蓮蓬結(jié)構(gòu)的觀察、抽象和組合,建立了蓮窩(蓮蓬中用于容納蓮子的部分)偶合結(jié)構(gòu)的模型,并采用機(jī)械加工、電阻焊和電沉積的綜合手段進(jìn)行了多孔金屬樣品的制備。力學(xué)測(cè)試結(jié)果表明這種樣品在結(jié)構(gòu)和性能上存在一些缺陷,并且存在缺陷的區(qū)域可以通過(guò)FEM分析確定了,改進(jìn)方案也可以相應(yīng)得到。模型結(jié)構(gòu)和加工工藝的略微變化,使得改進(jìn)型樣品也順利實(shí)現(xiàn)了制備,達(dá)到了預(yù)期的效果。測(cè)試數(shù)據(jù)表明,因?yàn)榧嬗虚_(kāi)孔和閉孔結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)點(diǎn),所以這種金屬結(jié)構(gòu)材料既具有良好的主動(dòng)散熱性,又具有很高的力學(xué)性能。在同類(lèi)型的多孔金屬中,該多孔金屬比強(qiáng)度處于優(yōu)等水平。此外,熱學(xué)分析表明該結(jié)構(gòu)在單面受熱、內(nèi)腔通風(fēng)時(shí),具有均勻的導(dǎo)熱性和優(yōu)良的主動(dòng)散熱性。通過(guò)分析X-37B頭錐的材料種類(lèi)、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)和分片布置的特點(diǎn),提出六邊形拓?fù)浞绞胶涂妆诜涓C單元結(jié)構(gòu)。經(jīng)過(guò)單元結(jié)構(gòu)的梯度設(shè)計(jì)、C-Si C-Al2O3-Na2Si O3碳纖維增韌復(fù)合材料的制備、C-C復(fù)合材料零件制備、零件總集成以及高溫?zé)Y(jié),實(shí)現(xiàn)單元結(jié)構(gòu)樣品的制備。力學(xué)和熱學(xué)性能的FEM分析和測(cè)試結(jié)果均表明,該梯度結(jié)構(gòu)材料在強(qiáng)度、剛度、耐熱和隔熱方面具有優(yōu)良的綜合性能。
[Abstract]:This paper first introduces the development of Reusable Thermal Protection System (RTPS), which is the main American airspace aircraft, including the difficulties in the research and development of the system, the division of the temperature region, the protection measures, the selection of the materials, the comparison of the two generation of RTPS, the new ideas and new materials adopted by X-37B, and so on. On this basis, according to the characteristics and level of air space technology in China, the development model of RTPS technology in China is explored. According to this, this research combines the trend of the development of the system, sums up the related requirements of the RTPS, and determines the research content and technical route of this subject. A variety of structural models suitable for low temperature, moderate and high temperature conditions were proposed. Then, five samples were successfully prepared by using the appropriate raw materials, using fiber winding, molding bonding, mechanical processing, electrical cutting, diffusion welding, electrodeposition, resistance welding, and fiber weaving, through the mechanical and thermal properties of them. According to the microstructure of the Oriental Dragon lice's Coleoptera, the Coleoptera structure of carbon fiber aramid paper with two direction square tube was put forward. Then, the corresponding samples were prepared by the method of filament winding and molding. The mechanical test showed that the compressive ability of the sandwich structure material was of the same density. 1.83 times the structure of the aramid honeycomb sandwich structure. The water bath test results show that the thermal insulation of the structure is excellent. In addition, the mechanical and thermal FEM analysis results of the structural material are in good agreement with the test results. After the establishment of a simple rule of the porous structure model, this study uses the resistance welding and electrodeposition synthesis. The results of the mechanical performance test show that the mechanical properties of the samples are very concentrated, and the dispersion of the mechanical properties is much smaller than that of the same type of foam metal. The mechanical properties of the metal strip grille materials can be quickly analyzed by FEM because of the structural rules and the simplicity. Speed prediction. In the matrix material and the porous metal with the same density, the strength of the nickel line grid structure is of middle level. By improving the metal line grille and replacing the metal lines with metal tubes, a regular metal control grid structure is designed, and the comprehensive method of electrical cutting, machine processing and electrodeposition is successfully realized. The mechanical properties test results show that the metal control grid samples with structural rules are not only more concentrated in mechanical properties, but also significantly higher in specific strength. Compared with the metal line grille, the compressive strength of the metal control grille increases the FEM analysis of the mechanical properties of 52%. metal control grille. In the porous metal with the same degree, the strength of the nickel tube grid material is in the middle and upper level. By observing, abstracting and combining the structure of the lotus, the model of the coupling structure of the lotus nest (the lotus seed in the lotus seed) is established, and the mechanical processing, resistance welding and electrodeposition are used to make the preparation of the porous metal samples. The test results show that there are some defects in the structure and performance of the sample, and the defect area can be determined by FEM analysis, and the improved scheme can be obtained accordingly. The slight change of the model structure and processing technology makes the improved sample also successfully realized and achieved the expected effect. Test data show that, This metal structural material has both good active heat dissipation and high mechanical properties for both open and closed structure. In the same type of porous metal, the porous metal is at a higher level than the strength. In addition, the thermal analysis shows that the structure has a uniform heat conduction when the structure is heated on one side and the inner cavity is ventilated. By analyzing the materials of the X-37B head cone, the structure design and the characteristics of the partition layout, the hexagonal topology and the honeycomb cell structure of the hole wall are proposed. Through the gradient design of the unit structure, the preparation of the C-Si C-Al2O3-Na2Si O3 carbon fiber toughening composite, the preparation of the C-C composite parts and the overall integration of the parts The FEM analysis and test results of mechanical and thermal properties show that the gradient material has excellent comprehensive properties in strength, stiffness, heat resistance and heat insulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：V259;TB17
本文編號(hào)：2129200
[Abstract]:This paper first introduces the development of Reusable Thermal Protection System (RTPS), which is the main American airspace aircraft, including the difficulties in the research and development of the system, the division of the temperature region, the protection measures, the selection of the materials, the comparison of the two generation of RTPS, the new ideas and new materials adopted by X-37B, and so on. On this basis, according to the characteristics and level of air space technology in China, the development model of RTPS technology in China is explored. According to this, this research combines the trend of the development of the system, sums up the related requirements of the RTPS, and determines the research content and technical route of this subject. A variety of structural models suitable for low temperature, moderate and high temperature conditions were proposed. Then, five samples were successfully prepared by using the appropriate raw materials, using fiber winding, molding bonding, mechanical processing, electrical cutting, diffusion welding, electrodeposition, resistance welding, and fiber weaving, through the mechanical and thermal properties of them. According to the microstructure of the Oriental Dragon lice's Coleoptera, the Coleoptera structure of carbon fiber aramid paper with two direction square tube was put forward. Then, the corresponding samples were prepared by the method of filament winding and molding. The mechanical test showed that the compressive ability of the sandwich structure material was of the same density. 1.83 times the structure of the aramid honeycomb sandwich structure. The water bath test results show that the thermal insulation of the structure is excellent. In addition, the mechanical and thermal FEM analysis results of the structural material are in good agreement with the test results. After the establishment of a simple rule of the porous structure model, this study uses the resistance welding and electrodeposition synthesis. The results of the mechanical performance test show that the mechanical properties of the samples are very concentrated, and the dispersion of the mechanical properties is much smaller than that of the same type of foam metal. The mechanical properties of the metal strip grille materials can be quickly analyzed by FEM because of the structural rules and the simplicity. Speed prediction. In the matrix material and the porous metal with the same density, the strength of the nickel line grid structure is of middle level. By improving the metal line grille and replacing the metal lines with metal tubes, a regular metal control grid structure is designed, and the comprehensive method of electrical cutting, machine processing and electrodeposition is successfully realized. The mechanical properties test results show that the metal control grid samples with structural rules are not only more concentrated in mechanical properties, but also significantly higher in specific strength. Compared with the metal line grille, the compressive strength of the metal control grille increases the FEM analysis of the mechanical properties of 52%. metal control grille. In the porous metal with the same degree, the strength of the nickel tube grid material is in the middle and upper level. By observing, abstracting and combining the structure of the lotus, the model of the coupling structure of the lotus nest (the lotus seed in the lotus seed) is established, and the mechanical processing, resistance welding and electrodeposition are used to make the preparation of the porous metal samples. The test results show that there are some defects in the structure and performance of the sample, and the defect area can be determined by FEM analysis, and the improved scheme can be obtained accordingly. The slight change of the model structure and processing technology makes the improved sample also successfully realized and achieved the expected effect. Test data show that, This metal structural material has both good active heat dissipation and high mechanical properties for both open and closed structure. In the same type of porous metal, the porous metal is at a higher level than the strength. In addition, the thermal analysis shows that the structure has a uniform heat conduction when the structure is heated on one side and the inner cavity is ventilated. By analyzing the materials of the X-37B head cone, the structure design and the characteristics of the partition layout, the hexagonal topology and the honeycomb cell structure of the hole wall are proposed. Through the gradient design of the unit structure, the preparation of the C-Si C-Al2O3-Na2Si O3 carbon fiber toughening composite, the preparation of the C-C composite parts and the overall integration of the parts The FEM analysis and test results of mechanical and thermal properties show that the gradient material has excellent comprehensive properties in strength, stiffness, heat resistance and heat insulation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京航空航天大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：V259;TB17
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