【摘要】：生產(chǎn)制造系統(tǒng)性能的優(yōu)劣在一定程度上反映了一個(gè)國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)和科學(xué)的發(fā)展水平。對(duì)生產(chǎn)效率的追求使得機(jī)器的自動(dòng)化程度不斷提高,逐步的從最開始以人為主要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力的生產(chǎn)勞動(dòng)向人輔助機(jī)器的生產(chǎn)過程轉(zhuǎn)變,人從繁重的體力勞動(dòng)中解脫出來。生產(chǎn)模式的轉(zhuǎn)化,使得人在制造系統(tǒng)中的性質(zhì)和作用發(fā)生了改變。過去的研究針將制造系統(tǒng)中的硬件作為主要研究對(duì)象,是因?yàn)闄C(jī)器的可靠性直接決定了生產(chǎn)效率的高低,而緩沖區(qū)容量的大小則對(duì)生產(chǎn)線的抗干擾能力起決定性作用。但隨著現(xiàn)代工業(yè)的發(fā)展,制造系統(tǒng)中的硬件得到了長足的進(jìn)步,人成為了制約其發(fā)展的新因素。因此,研究和分析人對(duì)生產(chǎn)制造系統(tǒng)性能的影響具有重要的理論意義與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文綜合使用排隊(duì)論和馬爾科夫過程的方法探討并分析了一人多機(jī)的串聯(lián)制造系統(tǒng)的建模問題,提出了一種考慮人因作用的制造系統(tǒng)建模方法,并利用所建的含有人的生產(chǎn)制造系統(tǒng)模型分析了人機(jī)干涉對(duì)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)性能的影響。本文使用的建模主體思路是先分解后合并的思想,以操作工人為依據(jù),將串聯(lián)制造系統(tǒng)拆分成若干個(gè)子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究。之后再將各個(gè)子系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行合并,從而能夠較好的描述整條生產(chǎn)線的性能。本文用有限隊(duì)列長度的排隊(duì)理論來描述各個(gè)子系統(tǒng)的生產(chǎn)過程。文本定義了子系統(tǒng)的效率:機(jī)器加工時(shí)間(包含裝載卸載時(shí)間)與機(jī)器加工時(shí)間(包含裝載卸載時(shí)間)加上機(jī)器在隊(duì)列中的平均逗留時(shí)間的總和的比值,從而將子系統(tǒng)簡化為“特殊”機(jī)器來進(jìn)行后續(xù)的合并處理。在合并過程中,采用向前向后的迭代合并方法能夠有效的處理數(shù)據(jù),與實(shí)際值較為吻合。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析不同的人機(jī)分配策略對(duì)于生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)總效率的影響,對(duì)原有系統(tǒng)的分配方式進(jìn)行改進(jìn),提高了案例中生產(chǎn)線的效率。為驗(yàn)證所建模型的合理性,本文以某公司裝配線為背景使用該建模方法和Em-plant離散仿真對(duì)該裝配線進(jìn)行了建模與仿真對(duì)比分析,案例仿真研究表明:當(dāng)工人分配的機(jī)器數(shù)量超過3臺(tái)的時(shí),理論迭代值P?R可以有效的對(duì)總生產(chǎn)率進(jìn)行估計(jì),其相對(duì)誤差在3%左右。
[Abstract]:To a certain extent, the performance of manufacturing system reflects the level of economic and scientific development of a country. The pursuit of production efficiency makes the automatization degree of machine improve step by step from the production labor which takes man as the main labor force at the beginning to the production process of the machine assisted by man and man is freed from the heavy physical labor. The transformation of production mode changes the nature and function of human in manufacturing system. In the past, the hardware of the manufacturing system was regarded as the main research object because the reliability of the machine directly determined the production efficiency, and the size of the buffer capacity played a decisive role in the anti-jamming ability of the production line. However, with the development of modern industry, the hardware of manufacturing system has made great progress, and people have become a new factor restricting the development of manufacturing system. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study and analyze the influence of human beings on the performance of manufacturing systems. In this paper, the modeling problem of a series manufacturing system with multiple machines is discussed and analyzed by the method of queue theory and Markov process, and a modeling method of manufacturing system considering human factors is proposed. The effect of man-machine interference on the performance of production system is analyzed by using the model of manufacturing system with human beings. In this paper, the main idea of modeling is to decompose first and then merge. Based on the operator, the serial manufacturing system is divided into several subsystems to study. Then the subsystems are merged to describe the performance of the whole production line. In this paper, the finite queue length queuing theory is used to describe the production process of each subsystem. The text defines the efficiency of the subsystem: the ratio of machine processing time (including loading and unloading time) to machine processing time (including loading and unloading time) plus the sum of the machine's average duration of stay in the queue, This simplifies the subsystem as a "special" machine for subsequent merge processing. In the process of merging, the forward and backward iterative merging method can deal with the data effectively, which is in good agreement with the actual value. On this basis, by analyzing the effect of different man-machine allocation strategies on the total efficiency of production system, the distribution mode of the original system is improved, and the efficiency of the production line in the case is improved. In order to verify the rationality of the model, this paper uses the modeling method and Em-plant discrete simulation to model and simulate the assembly line under the background of a company assembly line. The case study shows that when the number of machines allocated by workers exceeds 3, the theoretical iterative value PNR can effectively estimate the total productivity, and the relative error is about 3%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB497

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