本文選題：空腔結(jié)構(gòu) + 統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析法　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：空腔結(jié)構(gòu)作為汽車、列車等交通工具的艙室和人體的主要接觸區(qū)域,其噪聲的大小與人的乘坐舒適性密切相關(guān),艙室的聲學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)水平直接影響其腔內(nèi)噪聲大小。因此,研究空腔結(jié)構(gòu)的聲學(xué)建模、低噪聲設(shè)計(jì)及優(yōu)化方法,控制艙室內(nèi)噪聲,對于改善乘員的乘坐環(huán)境具有重要的理論和工程實(shí)際意義。本文基于統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析法(Statistical energy Analysis,簡稱SEA)、正交優(yōu)化理論及混料優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法,在聲腔結(jié)構(gòu)的聲學(xué)建模、降噪優(yōu)化及吸聲材料混料優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)等方面進(jìn)行研究與探討,其主要工作與成果如下:針對聲腔結(jié)構(gòu)統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析模型中的下限頻率偏高的問題,提出聲腔結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)模態(tài)數(shù)靈敏度分析方法,推導(dǎo)空腔結(jié)構(gòu)子系統(tǒng)模態(tài)數(shù)靈敏度數(shù)學(xué)模型,計(jì)算子系統(tǒng)的模態(tài)數(shù)對其厚度、面積、材料密度和空腔體積的一階靈敏度。運(yùn)用響應(yīng)曲面設(shè)計(jì)法判斷各因子對模態(tài)數(shù)的顯著性,通過響應(yīng)優(yōu)化器求解目標(biāo)響應(yīng)條件下各因子的取值范圍,建立能夠初步滿足中頻噪聲預(yù)測的空腔結(jié)構(gòu)SEA模型。從而通過建模實(shí)現(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)能量分析頻率下限的拓展,為空腔結(jié)構(gòu)中頻噪聲的預(yù)測提供一種新途徑。建立空腔結(jié)構(gòu)的聲輻射功率模型和SEA仿真模型,通過設(shè)置多組仿真試驗(yàn)計(jì)算分析激勵源位置、數(shù)量及特性對聲腔結(jié)構(gòu)振動與聲學(xué)特性的影響,得到多源激勵條件下的顯著激勵源,并通過單源或多源控制的方法實(shí)現(xiàn)聲源降噪優(yōu)化。運(yùn)用正交優(yōu)化的理論和方法,設(shè)計(jì)空腔結(jié)構(gòu)吸聲降噪的因素水平及正交優(yōu)化表,并基于VA One軟件所建模型對因素水平的不同組合進(jìn)行仿真計(jì)算與優(yōu)化,得到腔內(nèi)評價點(diǎn)的總聲壓級及主要峰值頻率的最優(yōu)組合,為有效進(jìn)行空腔結(jié)構(gòu)噪聲的控制提供依據(jù)。提出混料吸聲設(shè)計(jì)的概念和類型,建立混料吸聲的SEA模型,并通過仿真計(jì)算研究聚酯、泡沫塑料、鑄造泡沫、聚氨酯、三聚氰胺五種泡沫吸聲材料的吸聲特性。針對均勻混料吸聲材料,對比不同特性的吸聲材料混料組合吸聲性能的優(yōu)越性,探討以評價點(diǎn)聲壓級為控制目標(biāo)和以吸聲材料特性為目標(biāo)的吸聲材料混料優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)方法,得到滿足降噪要求的多種吸聲材料混料最優(yōu)配比。研究疊層混料吸聲材料的田口設(shè)計(jì)方法,運(yùn)用信噪比和均值分析判斷不同控制因子在相應(yīng)頻段中的重要性,得到疊層混料吸聲最優(yōu)組合,為通過優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)滿足降噪需求的高性能吸聲材料提供新的方法。應(yīng)用BK3560C聲學(xué)測試系統(tǒng)及阻抗管測試系統(tǒng),開展疊層混料吸聲材料吸聲特性的試驗(yàn)研究,驗(yàn)證吸聲材料疊層混料優(yōu)化結(jié)果的正確性和有效性。
[Abstract]:As the main contact area between the cabin and human body of vehicles, trains and other vehicles, the noise level of the cavity structure is closely related to the comfort of human riding. The acoustic design level of the cabin directly affects the size of the chamber noise. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the acoustic modeling, low noise design and optimization method of cavity structure, and to control the noise in the cabin. In this paper, based on Statistical energy Analysis (sea), orthogonal optimization theory and mixing optimization design method, the acoustic modeling, noise reduction optimization and sound absorption material mixing optimization design of acoustic cavity structure are studied and discussed. The main work and results are as follows: aiming at the problem of high lower limit frequency in the statistical energy analysis model of cavity structure, a sensitivity analysis method for modal number of cavity structure parameters is proposed, and a mathematical model of modal number sensitivity of cavity structure subsystem is derived. The first order sensitivity of the modal number of the subsystem to its thickness, area, material density and cavity volume is calculated. The response surface design method is used to determine the significance of each factor to the modal number, and the response optimizer is used to solve the range of each factor under the target response condition, and the sea model of the cavity structure which can satisfy the prediction of intermediate frequency noise is established. Thus, the expansion of the lower limit of frequency of statistical energy analysis is realized by modeling, which provides a new way for the prediction of intermediate frequency noise in cavity structure. The acoustic radiation power model and sea simulation model of cavity structure are established. The effects of the position, quantity and characteristics of excitation source on the vibration and acoustic characteristics of cavity structure are analyzed by setting up multi-group simulation experiments. Under the condition of multi-source excitation, the significant excitation source is obtained, and the noise reduction optimization of sound source is realized by single source or multi-source control method. Based on the theory and method of orthogonal optimization, the factor level and orthogonal optimization table of sound absorption and noise reduction in cavity structure are designed, and the simulation and optimization of different combinations of factors are carried out based on the model built by VA one software. The optimal combination of the total sound pressure level and the main peak frequency of the evaluation points in the cavity is obtained, which provides the basis for the effective control of the cavity structure noise. The concept and type of sound absorption design were put forward, the sea model of sound absorption was established, and the sound absorption characteristics of polyester, foam, casting foam, polyurethane and melamine foam were studied by simulation. Aiming at the sound absorption materials with uniform mixing, compared with the advantages of the sound absorption properties of the mixture with different characteristics, the optimum design method of the sound absorbing materials mixture with the control target of evaluating the sound pressure level at the point and the characteristics of the sound absorbing materials with the aim of evaluating the sound pressure level is discussed. The optimal ratio of various kinds of sound absorbent materials is obtained to meet the requirements of noise reduction. The design method of Taguchi for laminated mixing sound-absorbing materials is studied. The importance of different control factors in the corresponding frequency band is judged by using SNR and mean value analysis, and the optimal combination of sound absorption of laminated mixture is obtained. It provides a new method for achieving high performance sound absorption materials to meet the demand of noise reduction by optimizing design. By using BK3560C acoustics test system and impedance tube test system, the sound absorption characteristics of laminated mixing materials are studied, and the correctness and validity of the optimized results are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB535

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本文編號：2097094