本文選題：超聲波檢測 + 沙窩蘿卜　； 參考：《天津科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：天津的沙窩蘿卜是廣受大家喜愛的一種果蔬類產(chǎn)品,在國內(nèi)外都有很高的聲譽(yù)。鑒于目前對沙窩蘿卜的質(zhì)量分類大多還是人工依據(jù)外部質(zhì)量指標(biāo)來進(jìn)行判別的這種狀況,并結(jié)合超聲波無損檢測技術(shù)所具有的優(yōu)點(diǎn),本文提出利用超聲波無損檢測技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)沙窩蘿卜內(nèi)部品質(zhì)的判別。因?yàn)橛绊懮掣C蘿卜內(nèi)部品質(zhì)的主要是糠心病害的發(fā)生,因此本文主要是針對沙窩蘿卜內(nèi)部是否存在糠心進(jìn)行檢測。完成的主要工作和成果有:(1)本文對果蔬類產(chǎn)品內(nèi)部品質(zhì)的檢測現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了概述,通過超聲波及其檢測技術(shù)的介紹以及利用超聲波檢測果蔬類產(chǎn)品的國內(nèi)外發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀和成果的闡述,論述了利用超聲檢測沙窩蘿卜內(nèi)部品質(zhì)的可行性。并設(shè)計(jì)了利用超聲波檢測沙窩蘿卜糠心的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案。(2)根據(jù)所設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案,設(shè)計(jì)了一套適用于超聲實(shí)驗(yàn)的檢測平臺(tái)。該實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測平臺(tái)采取半圓弧形的設(shè)計(jì),從而使得可以滿足實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中兩個(gè)檢測探頭間0～180°范圍內(nèi)任意角度的要求,同時(shí)也可以滿足對于不同輪廓形狀以及直徑大小的被測物體的檢測,此外還實(shí)現(xiàn)了檢測探頭的完好裝夾,從而來確保檢測探頭與被測物體的良好接觸。(3)通過有糠心和無糠心這兩種沙窩蘿卜樣品,對實(shí)驗(yàn)所得的物理參數(shù)與沙窩蘿卜糠心與否進(jìn)行了分析,通過分析得出,超聲波的速度與沙窩蘿卜內(nèi)部是否糠心沒有很明顯的線性關(guān)系,并與樣品的重量、直徑的大小均無顯著的影響。對于實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測所接收到的超聲波圖形,從時(shí)域信號(hào)以及頻域信號(hào)兩方面進(jìn)行了分析。通過對圖形的時(shí)域信號(hào)的分析發(fā)現(xiàn),有糠心的沙窩蘿卜的振幅要小于無糠心的沙窩蘿卜并在在信號(hào)圖中會(huì)有缺陷波的存在。之后利用快速傅里葉變換(FFT)的方法得到信號(hào)的頻譜圖,對于信號(hào)的頻譜圖通過統(tǒng)計(jì)發(fā)現(xiàn),在所測的批次中,有糠心的沙窩蘿卜的頻譜圖中的最大幅度值小于18,而無糠心的最大幅度值要大于18。因此選定頻譜圖中的最大幅度值來對沙窩蘿卜內(nèi)部是否存在糠心進(jìn)行判別。(4)在得到以上的結(jié)論之后,應(yīng)用隨機(jī)選取的樣品對所得結(jié)論進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,通過預(yù)測的糠心情況與實(shí)際的糠心情況的對比,得到該判別方法對于無糠心的沙窩蘿卜以及有糠心的沙窩蘿卜判別的準(zhǔn)確率分別為81.25%和75%。之后,基于以上的分析,提出了初步實(shí)現(xiàn)沙窩蘿卜內(nèi)部質(zhì)量等級(jí)的想法。
[Abstract]:Tianjin's sand pit radish is one of the most popular fruit and vegetable products, and has a high reputation both at home and abroad. In view of the current classification of the quality of the sand nest radish mostly by the artificial basis of the external quality index, and combining the advantages of the ultrasonic nondestructive testing technique, this paper proposes the use of ultrasonic wave. In this paper, the main work and results are as follows: (1) the status of the internal quality of fruit and vegetable products was detected in this paper. Through the introduction of ultrasonic and its detection technology and the development of ultrasonic detection of fruit and vegetable products at home and abroad, the feasibility of ultrasonic detection of internal quality of sand pit radish is discussed. An experimental scheme for detecting the heart of sand pit radish by ultrasonic wave is designed. (2) according to the experiment designed The scheme has designed a set of detection platform for ultrasonic testing. The test platform adopts a semicircular arc design, which makes it possible to meet the requirements of any angle within the range of 0~180 degrees between the two detection probes during the experiment, and can also meet the detection of the measured objects with different contour shapes and diameter. The good contact between the probe and the measured object is also realized. (3) through the analysis of the physical parameters of the two sand nest radishes with the bran heart and the no chaff, the physical parameters of the experiment and the heart of the sand pit radish are analyzed. The velocity of ultrasonic wave and the bran inside the sand pit radish are analyzed. There is no obvious linear relationship between the heart and the weight of the sample, and there is no significant influence on the weight of the sample and the size of the diameter. Two aspects of the time domain signal and the frequency domain signal received by the experimental detection are analyzed. The amplitude of the bran sand pit radish is less than that without the bran without the heart. There will be a defective wave in the signal map. Then the frequency spectrum of the signal is obtained by the method of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The maximum amplitude in the spectrum map of the bran nest radish is less than 18 in the measured batch. More than 18., the maximum amplitude value in the selected spectrum map is selected to distinguish whether the bran heart exists in the interior of the sand pit radish. (4) after the above conclusions are obtained, the results are verified by the random selected samples. By comparing the predicted chaff condition with the actual bran mood, the method is obtained for the no chaff. The accuracy rate of discrimination between sand nest radish and bran core radish was 81.25% and 75%. respectively. Based on the above analysis, the idea of the initial realization of the internal quality grade of the radish was put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB559

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