本文選題：納米二氧化鈦 + 醋酸酯淀粉�。� 參考：《蘭州交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：石油基塑料因受到石化原料的限制及其對生態(tài)環(huán)境的破壞等諸多不良因素的影響,研究開發(fā)降解塑料以取代石油基塑料具有重要的戰(zhàn)略意義。來源廣泛的天然綠色資源淀粉有良好的環(huán)保和生物降解性能,以淀粉為基體的塑料成為降解塑料的理想選擇。淀粉基塑料的推廣和應(yīng)用受到其機(jī)械及加工性能的制約。目前將無機(jī)納米粒子復(fù)合于天然聚合物基體中的研究受到廣泛關(guān)注,本實(shí)驗(yàn)將納米TiO_2復(fù)合于醋酸酯淀粉(PMS)/聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混系統(tǒng)中,實(shí)現(xiàn)無機(jī)物在有機(jī)物中的摻雜,采用流延工藝制備了一系列納米復(fù)合薄膜材料,研究了薄膜的性能及結(jié)構(gòu);并通過正交試驗(yàn)優(yōu)化了復(fù)合薄膜制備的工藝條件,在完善工藝和控制成本方面提供了一定的參考。超聲分散的納米TiO_2與PMS/PVA的共混體系中,加入增塑劑山梨醇(SOR)、聚乙二醇400(PEG400)以及增強(qiáng)劑羧甲基纖維素(CMC)、海藻酸鈉(SA)、尿素(UR)可有效地改善復(fù)合薄膜的力學(xué)性能和耐水性能。納米TiO_2的含量對不同增塑劑體系中復(fù)合膜的力學(xué)性能和吸水性能有不同的影響。在SOR增塑劑體系中,當(dāng)納米TiO_2含量為0.003g(占總量0.03%)時(shí),薄膜的力學(xué)性能以及耐水性較好,拉伸強(qiáng)度(TS)可提高71.1%,吸水率降低了4.14%,斷裂伸長率(E)達(dá)到53.87%。在納米TiO_2用量為0.003g(占總量0.03%)的共混系統(tǒng)中,SOR與UR的質(zhì)量比為1:3時(shí)復(fù)合薄膜的TS可提高51.5%,E達(dá)到73.8%,吸水率降至72.12%。在增強(qiáng)劑CMC和SA質(zhì)量比為1:1共混體系中,分別用SOR和PEG400作為增塑劑,復(fù)合薄膜的拉伸強(qiáng)度分別提高34.78%和31.27%,吸水率分別降低到71.74%和88.10%,透光率提高到60.21%,54.85%。正交試驗(yàn)顯示在0.003g納米TiO_2與3.5g PMS,山梨醇1.2g、尿素0.7g、CMC:SA=1:1工藝條件下,復(fù)合膜的拉伸強(qiáng)度達(dá)到32.10MPa,此時(shí)膜的力學(xué)性能較佳。紅外光譜分析(FTIR)表明納米TiO_2可與系統(tǒng)中組分之間形成氫鍵作用,尿素與聚合物分子鏈上的羥基有較強(qiáng)的作用;電子顯微鏡(SEM)顯示適量的納米TiO_2與共混系統(tǒng)具有很好的相容性,但過量后會使復(fù)合膜結(jié)構(gòu)不均勻,性能變差。CMC和SA增強(qiáng)劑的加入與體系形成了穩(wěn)固的結(jié)構(gòu),能與納米TiO_2促進(jìn)體系的相容和共混并形成了更牢固的空間網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)還可以使納米TiO_2團(tuán)聚現(xiàn)象得以改善,相容性變好。
[Abstract]:Due to the limitation of petrochemical raw materials and the damage to the ecological environment, it is of great strategic significance to study and develop degradable plastics instead of petroleum-based plastics. The natural green resource starch has good environmental protection and biodegradability, and the plastic based on starch is the ideal choice for degradable plastics. The popularization and application of starch-based plastics are restricted by their mechanical and processing properties. At present, the study of inorganic nanoparticles composite in natural polymer matrix has received extensive attention. In this experiment, nano-sized TiO_2 was mixed in the system of starch acetate / polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to achieve the doping of inorganic compounds in organic compounds. A series of nanocrystalline composite thin film materials were prepared by casting process, the properties and structure of the films were studied, and the process conditions were optimized by orthogonal experiment, which provided some reference for improving the technology and controlling the cost. The mechanical properties and water resistance of the composite films can be improved effectively by adding sorbitol sorghum, polyethylene glycol 400 PEG400), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), sodium alginate (SA), urea urr (TiO_2) in the ultrasonic dispersive blend system of nanometer TiO_2 and PMS/PVA, and adding the plasticizer sorbitol, polyethylene glycol (PEG400) and the reinforcing agents (CMCC, sodium alginate, urea-urr) into the blend system. The content of nano TiO_2 has different effects on the mechanical properties and water absorbency of the composite films in different plasticizer systems. In the SOR plasticizer system, when the content of nanometer TiO_2 is 0.003 g (0.03g / total), the mechanical properties and water resistance of the films are better. The tensile strength of the films can be increased by 71.1%, the water absorption decreases by 4.14%, and the elongation at break reaches 53.87%. When the mass ratio of TiO_2 to UR is 1:3, the TS of the composite film can increase 51.5% and reach 73.8%, and the water absorption rate decreases to 72.12 in the blend system with 0.003 g (0.03%) of nanometer TiO_2. When SOR and PEG400 were used as plasticizers, the tensile strength of the composite films was increased by 34.78% and 31.27%, respectively, the water absorption was reduced to 71.74% and 88.10%, and the transmittance was increased to 60.21% and 54.85%, respectively. Orthogonal test showed that the tensile strength of the composite membrane was 32.10 MPA under the conditions of 0.003 g TiO_2 and 3.5 g TiO_2, 1.2 g sorbitol and 0.7 g urea CMC: SA1: 1. The mechanical properties of the composite membrane were better. FTIR analysis showed that nano TiO_2 could form hydrogen bond with components in the system, urea had strong effect on hydroxyl group in polymer chain, and electron microscope showed that proper amount of nano TiO_2 had good compatibility with blend system. However, the structure of the composite membrane will be uneven after excessive, and the properties of the composite membrane will become more uniform, and the addition of the performance of .CMC and SA reinforcements will form a solid structure, which can promote the compatibility and blending of the system with nanometer TiO_2 and form a more solid spatial network structure. At the same time, it can improve the aggregation of nano TiO_2 and improve the compatibility.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB383.2

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