本文選題：刷式密封 + 三維模型��； 參考：《清華大學(xué)》2015年博士論文

【摘要】：由于優(yōu)異的密封特性,刷式密封技術(shù)是提升航空發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、地面及艦船燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)等旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械性能的重要途徑。刷絲尖端與轉(zhuǎn)子的摩擦磨損及其發(fā)熱問題是限制刷式密封應(yīng)用的主要瓶頸。建立符合實(shí)際的數(shù)值模型,研究流場(chǎng)、刷絲尖端力和傳熱特性對(duì)提高刷式密封性能有重要意義。由于刷式密封結(jié)構(gòu)和研究的復(fù)雜性,建立基本符合刷式密封結(jié)構(gòu)和工作特點(diǎn)并加入必要簡化的理論模型是研究的關(guān)鍵。本文建立了刷絲束截面的二維緊湊叉排管束模型,并在其基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了刷絲束的三維切片模型。基于刷絲束截面的二維緊湊叉排管束模型,探索了刷絲束間隙中介質(zhì)的流動(dòng)規(guī)律和刷式密封的密封機(jī)理。對(duì)比了周向單排與多排刷絲模型所計(jì)算的流場(chǎng)結(jié)果,壓力計(jì)算結(jié)果與BayleyLong的轉(zhuǎn)子表面壓力測(cè)量結(jié)果基本吻合。研究了壓差、刷絲軸向排數(shù)和管距對(duì)密封性能的影響�；谒⒔z束的三維切片模型及刷絲束截面排列模型進(jìn)一步研究了刷式密封的介質(zhì)流動(dòng)規(guī)律和密封機(jī)理。耦合CFD(計(jì)算流體力學(xué))方法計(jì)算的氣流力,采用矩平衡原理和線性疊加法提出了刷絲尖端力的計(jì)算理論,同時(shí)提出了基于ANSYS的刷絲尖端力的迭代算法。考慮刷絲尖端力、摩擦熱及傳熱過程,建立了刷式密封的三維切片溫度分析模型。計(jì)算結(jié)果得到了刷式密封的介質(zhì)壓力、流速、氣流力、刷絲尖端摩擦力、摩擦熱、溫度分布特點(diǎn)。發(fā)現(xiàn)了理想接觸的刷式密封中,刷絲受到的氣流力、刷絲尖端力和摩擦熱、溫度在軸向上存在明顯的非均勻性。ANSYS的仿真結(jié)果與理論計(jì)算的刷絲尖端力結(jié)果基本吻合。研究了刷絲軸向排數(shù)對(duì)泄漏率的影響,以及壓差和轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)刷絲尖端溫度的影響。在上述理論基礎(chǔ)上,利用正交分析法研究了幾何參數(shù)對(duì)單級(jí)刷式密封泄漏、氣流力、刷絲尖端摩擦力、轉(zhuǎn)矩的影響。研究了兩級(jí)刷式密封的泄漏、氣流力和刷絲尖端摩擦力特性。發(fā)現(xiàn)了上游級(jí)和下游級(jí)的壓降、氣流力和刷絲尖端摩擦力的級(jí)間不平衡性,并對(duì)級(jí)間不平衡性進(jìn)行了優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了刷式密封多功能實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)試系統(tǒng),驗(yàn)證了泄漏率、轉(zhuǎn)矩和溫度的數(shù)值計(jì)算結(jié)果及相關(guān)計(jì)算模型和理論。提出了基于纖維熱電偶測(cè)量刷絲束-轉(zhuǎn)子摩擦區(qū)溫度的新方法,具有對(duì)干涉和偏心工況更敏感,不會(huì)明顯破壞原有的溫度場(chǎng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Because of the excellent sealing characteristics, brush sealing technology is an important way to improve the rotating mechanical properties of aero-engine, ground gas turbine and ship gas turbine. The friction and wear between the tip of the brush wire and the rotor and its heating are the main bottlenecks restricting the application of the brush seal. It is very important to establish a numerical model to study the flow field, tip force and heat transfer characteristics to improve the performance of brush seal. Because of the complexity of the brush seal structure and research, it is the key to establish a theoretical model which basically accords with the brush seal structure and working characteristics and adds the necessary simplified theoretical model. In this paper, a two-dimensional compact forked bundle model for the cross section of the brush wire bundle is established, and the 3D slice model of the brush bundle is further developed on the basis of the model. Based on the two dimensional compact cross row bundle model of the brush wire beam section, the flow law of the medium in the gap of the brush wire bundle and the sealing mechanism of the brush seal are explored. The results of flow field calculated by circumferential single-row and multi-row brush wire models are compared. The results of pressure calculation are in good agreement with the measured results of BayleyLong rotor surface pressure. The effects of pressure difference, axial arrangement of brush wire and tube distance on sealing performance were studied. Based on the three dimensional slice model and the cross section arrangement model of brush wire bundle, the media flow law and sealing mechanism of brush seal are further studied. Coupled with the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method, the calculation theory of the tip force of the brush wire is presented by using the moment balance principle and the linear superposition method, and the iterative algorithm of the tip force of the brush wire based on ANSYS is proposed. Considering the tip force, friction heat and heat transfer process of brush wire, a three dimensional slice temperature analysis model of brush seal was established. The characteristics of pressure, velocity, flow force, friction force at the tip of brush wire, friction heat and temperature distribution of brush seal are obtained. It is found that the airflow force, tip force, friction heat and temperature have obvious inhomogeneity in the ideal contact seal. The simulation results of ANSYS are in good agreement with the calculated results. The influence of axial row number on leakage rate and the influence of pressure difference and rotation speed on tip temperature of brush wire were studied. On the basis of the above theory, the effects of geometric parameters on the leakage of single stage brush seal, the air flow force, the friction force at the tip of the brush wire, and the torque are studied by orthogonal analysis. The characteristics of leakage, airflow force and tip friction of two-stage brush seal are studied. The imbalance between the upper stage and the downstream stage, the flow force and the friction force at the tip of the brush wire is found, and the imbalance between the stages is optimized. The multifunctional experimental test system of brush seal is designed and built to verify the numerical calculation results of leakage rate torque and temperature as well as the related calculation model and theory. A new method based on fiber thermocouple is proposed to measure the temperature of the friction zone of the brush wire-rotor, which is more sensitive to interference and eccentricity, and does not obviously destroy the original temperature field.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：清華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TB42

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