本文選題：聚碳酸亞丙酯 + 納米纖維素　； 參考：《大連工業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人們生活水平的提高,塑料包裝作為包裝產(chǎn)業(yè)的主力軍,已經(jīng)在日用品、食品等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著不可替代的作用。但由于塑料存在回收困難、難以降解等問題,導致其引起的環(huán)境污染越來越嚴重。解決這個問題的一種有效途徑在于研究出安全無毒并且可生物降解的新型“綠色”包裝材料。聚碳酸亞丙酯(PPC)是由“溫室氣體”二氧化碳和環(huán)氧丙烷為原料合成的一種完全可降解的環(huán)保塑料,是目前最有希望的環(huán)保塑料之一。這種材料不僅是充分利用“溫室氣體”二氧化碳,轉(zhuǎn)化成對環(huán)境友好的可降解塑料,而且能夠避免傳統(tǒng)塑料產(chǎn)生的對環(huán)境的二次污染問題。此外還拓展了塑料的應用,在一定程度上緩解了石油資源的消耗。納米纖維素(NCC)是一種原料來源廣泛、成本低、在功能材料領(lǐng)域有著廣闊前景的新型功能材料。本論文通過硫酸水解法將微晶纖維素(MCC)制備NCC,并將其作為PPC的改性劑,制備出一種適用于包裝領(lǐng)域的環(huán)境友好型PPC/NCC納米復合材料,為其作為新型塑料包裝材料的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)和應用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。實驗中確定了制備NCC的最佳條件為:硫酸濃度為65wt%,水解溫度為45℃,水解時間為1.5h。在此條件下制備的NCC為纖維素Ⅰ型,聚合度為114,結(jié)晶度為72.4,透視顯微鏡(TEM)顯示其長度范圍在200~380nm,寬度范圍在20~40nm,具有較大的長徑比;紅外光譜分析(FTIR)顯示NCC仍具有纖維素的基本化學結(jié)構(gòu)。采用熔融共混法進行了PPC/NCC納米復合材料的制備和工藝條件的研究。實驗結(jié)果表明,當控制熔融溫度在135℃,熔融時間為15min,添加1wt%的封端劑MA時,獲得的復合材料性能優(yōu)異。FTIR顯示PCC與NCC之間并未發(fā)生化學反應,兩者仍具備原有的化學性質(zhì)。掃描電鏡(SEM)結(jié)果顯示隨著NCC含量增多,納米復合材料的相形態(tài)由“海-島”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)槔w維狀聚集結(jié)構(gòu)。最后,考察了PPC/NCC納米復合材料的包裝應用性能。力學性能上,納米復合材料發(fā)生斷裂時由韌性斷裂變?yōu)榇嘈詳嗔?當NCC含量為1.5%時,復合材料的拉伸強度相比PPC提升了288%,而斷裂伸長率僅為原來的1.6%;沖擊強度相比PPC提高了近4倍。耐熱性能上,納米復合材料表現(xiàn)的更好,當NCC的含量在2.5%時,納米復合材料的T5%、T50%、Tmax分別提高了31、13、17℃。降解性能上,添加NCC有助于納米復合材料降解,降解率會隨著NCC含量增加而增大,當納米纖維素的含量在2.5%時,納米復合材料可以在100天降解69%。抗老化性能上,NCC很好的改善了PPC的抗老化性,并且NCC的添加量越多,納米復合材料的抗老化性能越好。本課題利用NCC作為PPC的改性劑,制備的PPC/NCC納米復合材料表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)異的綜合性能,并能較好的適用于包裝領(lǐng)域,并對解決當前環(huán)境問題,實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有積極意義。
[Abstract]:With the improvement of people's living standard, plastic packaging, as the main force of packaging industry, has played an irreplaceable role in the fields of daily necessities and food. However, the environmental pollution caused by plastics is becoming more and more serious because of the difficulty of recycling and the difficulty of degradation. An effective way to solve this problem is to develop new "green" packaging materials which are safe and non-toxic and biodegradable. Poly (propyllidene carbonate) (PPC) is a completely degradable and environmentally friendly plastic synthesized from "greenhouse gas" carbon dioxide and propylene oxide. It is one of the most promising environmental plastics at present. This material can not only make full use of "greenhouse gas" carbon dioxide to convert into environment-friendly degradable plastics, but also avoid the secondary pollution caused by traditional plastics. In addition, the application of plastics has been expanded to alleviate the consumption of petroleum resources to a certain extent. Nanocellulose (NCC) is a new functional material with broad prospect in the field of functional materials because of its wide source of raw materials and low cost. In this paper, microcrystalline cellulose (PPC) was prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis method and used as modifier of PPC to prepare an environment-friendly PPC/NCC nanocomposite suitable for packaging. It has laid a foundation for its mass production and application as a new type of plastic packaging material. The optimum conditions for the preparation of NCC were determined as follows: the concentration of sulfuric acid was 65 wt.The hydrolysis temperature was 45 鈩，

本文編號：1819518