本文選題：振動(dòng)測(cè)量　切入點(diǎn)：時(shí)域分析　出處：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在日常生產(chǎn)生活中,振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象在機(jī)械設(shè)備運(yùn)行中是不可避免的。振動(dòng)會(huì)使機(jī)械設(shè)備出現(xiàn)疲勞和損耗,加大能量耗費(fèi),降低精密儀器和機(jī)床的精度,伴隨著振動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的噪聲也會(huì)造成聲音污染。振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)與分析技術(shù)是計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)與機(jī)械動(dòng)力學(xué)三者相結(jié)合的一門新興學(xué)科。隨著科技的迅猛發(fā)展,人們對(duì)各類機(jī)械的運(yùn)行速度、工作能力、工作壽命等要求越來越高,振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)和分析方法也在機(jī)械運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)狀態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)、故障分析診斷、噪聲控制等領(lǐng)域發(fā)揮著越來越重要的作用,振動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)和分析方法也越來越受到國(guó)內(nèi)外專家學(xué)者的關(guān)注和重視。階次分析技術(shù)在旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械的振動(dòng)信號(hào)分析和故障監(jiān)測(cè)診斷中起著重要作用。振動(dòng)信號(hào)從本質(zhì)上可以分為兩類,分別是平穩(wěn)信號(hào)和非平穩(wěn)信號(hào),這兩類信號(hào)包含了很多重要的能夠反映旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械工作過程和狀態(tài)的特征信息,有效的利用好這些特征信息對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械設(shè)備的監(jiān)測(cè)和診斷有著重要作用。對(duì)于平穩(wěn)的振動(dòng)信號(hào)的特征信息的提取與分析,我們可以使用傳統(tǒng)的傅里葉分析方法就已經(jīng)足夠了,但是傅里葉分析方法在對(duì)旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械設(shè)備在升速、降速過程中產(chǎn)生的非平穩(wěn)的振動(dòng)信號(hào)進(jìn)行分析時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)“頻率模糊”現(xiàn)象,而階次分析技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)很好地解決了這一問題。本論文主要圍繞這一全新的旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械振動(dòng)信號(hào)分析技術(shù)展開。首先介紹了信號(hào)采樣原理,時(shí)域分析,傅利葉變換原理,階次分析方法和轉(zhuǎn)速獲取算法等振動(dòng)測(cè)試與分析技術(shù)。再對(duì)振動(dòng)傳感器、轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器,步進(jìn)電機(jī)等振動(dòng)測(cè)試系統(tǒng)的組成硬件的工作原理與技術(shù)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了介紹。在以上基礎(chǔ)上,集成了信號(hào)調(diào)理器、CA-YD-186壓電式加速度傳感器、轉(zhuǎn)速傳感器和電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)器等硬件設(shè)備,以Visual C++計(jì)算機(jī)軟件平臺(tái)編寫了測(cè)試分析軟件,開發(fā)一套軟硬件結(jié)合的振動(dòng)噪聲測(cè)量分析系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)單通道、多通道的數(shù)據(jù)采集和分析,數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和時(shí)域分析,并且該系統(tǒng)具有參數(shù)設(shè)定、數(shù)據(jù)采集、時(shí)域顯示、頻域分析、數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)、階次分析等功能。為了驗(yàn)證系統(tǒng)功能的正確性,開發(fā)了一套振動(dòng)測(cè)試發(fā)生裝置,對(duì)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn),通過測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)證明系統(tǒng)各項(xiàng)功能均達(dá)到預(yù)定要求,具有實(shí)用價(jià)值。開發(fā)這樣一套振動(dòng)測(cè)試與分析系統(tǒng),無論是在經(jīng)濟(jì)上還是在技術(shù)上,都有積極的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。
[Abstract]:In daily production and life, vibration is inevitable in the operation of machinery and equipment. Vibration will cause fatigue and loss of machinery and equipment, increase energy consumption, and reduce the precision of precision instruments and machine tools. Vibration monitoring and analysis technology is a new subject which combines computer technology, electronic technology and mechanical dynamics. With the rapid development of science and technology, People have higher and higher demands on the running speed, working ability and working life of all kinds of machinery. Vibration monitoring and analysis methods also play an increasingly important role in the fields of machine running state monitoring, fault analysis and diagnosis, noise control and so on. The methods of vibration monitoring and analysis have been paid more and more attention by experts and scholars at home and abroad. Order analysis plays an important role in vibration signal analysis and fault monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machinery. In essence, vibration signals can be divided into two categories. They are stationary signals and non-stationary signals. These two kinds of signals contain a lot of important characteristic information which can reflect the working process and state of rotating machinery. It is very important for the monitoring and diagnosis of rotating machinery equipment to make good use of these characteristic information. For the extraction and analysis of the characteristic information of stationary vibration signal, we can use the traditional Fourier analysis method to be enough. However, when the Fourier analysis method is used to analyze the non-stationary vibration signals produced by the rotating machinery in the process of increasing and decreasing the speed, the phenomenon of "frequency ambiguity" will occur. The emergence of order analysis technology solves this problem well. This paper mainly focuses on the new vibration signal analysis technology of rotating machinery. Firstly, the principle of signal sampling, time domain analysis and Fourier transform are introduced. The vibration testing and analysis techniques such as order analysis method and speed acquisition algorithm are introduced. The working principle and technical specifications of vibration testing system such as vibration sensor, speed sensor, step motor and so on are introduced. The CA-YD-186 piezoelectric accelerometer, speed sensor and motor driver are integrated, and the software of test and analysis is compiled on the platform of Visual C computer software. A vibration and noise measurement and analysis system combining software and hardware is developed. The system can realize data acquisition and analysis of single channel and multi-channel, data storage and time domain analysis, and the system has parameter setting, data acquisition, time domain display, etc. Frequency domain analysis, data storage, order analysis and other functions. In order to verify the correctness of the system function, a vibration test generator is developed. It has practical value. The development of such a vibration testing and analysis system is of positive practical significance both economically and technically.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB53

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