發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-31 19:37

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決有效性　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2008年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決 群體有效性 群體互動(dòng)過(guò)程 計(jì)算機(jī)模擬情境

【摘要】： 隨著工作復(fù)雜程度的增加,組織越來(lái)越依賴群體來(lái)完成任務(wù)。群體有效性是衡量群體工作效能的重要指標(biāo)。以往研究表明群體有效性受到各種因素影響,包括個(gè)體特征、組織背景、任務(wù)特點(diǎn)和群體過(guò)程等。其中群體過(guò)程則被認(rèn)為在各個(gè)影響因素和有效性之間起著中介或緩沖作用,而群體過(guò)程本質(zhì)上就是群體成員之間的互動(dòng)。但是,關(guān)于群體互動(dòng)行為與群體有效性之間的關(guān)系,很多研究所得出的結(jié)論并不一致,其主要原因是缺乏統(tǒng)一的過(guò)程行為衡量指標(biāo)。因此,研究需要通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)可信的過(guò)程分析系統(tǒng)來(lái)明確復(fù)雜問(wèn)題情境中群體過(guò)程是如何影響群體有效性的。而群體決策的功能性理論被認(rèn)為能從任務(wù)過(guò)程解釋對(duì)有效性的影響。研究以復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決為群體任務(wù),根據(jù)群體決策功能性理論,采用多特征的方法深入分析群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程特征及其對(duì)有效性的影響機(jī)制。 第一部分對(duì)復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決相關(guān)理論、群體過(guò)程、群體有效性和群體決策功能性理論的研究進(jìn)行深入回顧,認(rèn)為群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程影響群體有效性,復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決具有動(dòng)態(tài)性、復(fù)雜性、模糊性以及時(shí)間滯后性,群體過(guò)程包括任務(wù)相關(guān)互動(dòng)和人際相關(guān)互動(dòng)。因此,在總結(jié)以往研究結(jié)果的基礎(chǔ)上,本研究以計(jì)算機(jī)模擬為研究方法,根據(jù)群體決策功能性理論深入考察群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程特征及其對(duì)有效性的影響。 第二部分基于模擬情境的系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)分析群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程特征及其對(duì)有效性的影響。研究采用計(jì)算機(jī)模擬情境研究方法和復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決研究的傳統(tǒng)分析方法一個(gè)體差異比較來(lái)分析群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決的有效性。結(jié)果表明不同有效性的群體在系統(tǒng)變量控制、信息收集與處理、過(guò)程控制、決策策略等方面存在差異,初步證明了任務(wù)過(guò)程對(duì)群體有效性具有影響。 第三部分利用群體過(guò)程觀察系統(tǒng)分析群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程特征,構(gòu)建影響有效性過(guò)程變量模型。本部分由三個(gè)子研究組成。子研究一主要是開(kāi)發(fā)和檢驗(yàn)復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決情境中群體互動(dòng)觀察分析系統(tǒng)。結(jié)果得出具有五個(gè)主類別和十個(gè)次類別的多層次群體互動(dòng)觀察分析系統(tǒng),并且系統(tǒng)經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)具有較高的信度。子研究二利用觀察分析系統(tǒng)來(lái)研究群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決的過(guò)程特征。結(jié)果顯示有效性高的群體與有效性低的群體對(duì)功能步驟過(guò)程控制存在差異:有效性低的群體關(guān)注問(wèn)題解決,而有效性高的群體能有效地管理各個(gè)功能步驟。子研究三主要是利用互動(dòng)觀察系統(tǒng)分析復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程,并采用多元回歸分析方法得出影響有效性的過(guò)程變量模型。有效性模型中的互動(dòng)過(guò)程包括任務(wù)相關(guān)互動(dòng)和人際相關(guān)互動(dòng)。任務(wù)相關(guān)互動(dòng)中問(wèn)題識(shí)別和確定與群體自反性對(duì)有效性有積極的作用,觀點(diǎn)多樣化和任務(wù)執(zhí)行策略對(duì)有效性消極作用。而人際相關(guān)互動(dòng)中爭(zhēng)論性討論與社會(huì)支持對(duì)有效性有正面影響,沖突管理則產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明該模型具有較高的解釋能力。 第四部分研究則是探究群體主觀報(bào)告的對(duì)群體有效性有影響的過(guò)程變量。研究通過(guò)群體訪談和內(nèi)容分析技術(shù)得出群體成員“認(rèn)知”的促進(jìn)和障礙因素。結(jié)果支持了第三部分過(guò)程研究的結(jié)果,同時(shí),還補(bǔ)充了主觀體驗(yàn)的過(guò)程變量;研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)有效性高的群體和有效性低的群體對(duì)過(guò)程影響的認(rèn)識(shí)存在差別。 第五部分中,由于群體過(guò)程具有整體性和動(dòng)態(tài)性,研究對(duì)群體進(jìn)行針對(duì)性診斷反思的干預(yù)來(lái)驗(yàn)證群體認(rèn)識(shí)過(guò)程變量的作用機(jī)制后對(duì)任務(wù)過(guò)程和有效性產(chǎn)生的影響。結(jié)果證明經(jīng)過(guò)針對(duì)性診斷反思后的群體在后續(xù)的任務(wù)中優(yōu)化了群體過(guò)程,進(jìn)而提高群體有效性。該部分研究也為實(shí)踐中群體有效性的提升提供了參考。 第六部分對(duì)本研究得出的結(jié)論進(jìn)行理論探討,得出三方面的理論進(jìn)展:定性與定量相結(jié)合地分析了群體復(fù)雜問(wèn)題解決過(guò)程特征;比較和整合了過(guò)程觀察和群體成員對(duì)過(guò)程變量的理解;以群體決策功能性理論為基礎(chǔ)分析了群體過(guò)程變量對(duì)有效性的影響,構(gòu)建了群體有效性的過(guò)程角度模型。 最后部分總結(jié)了本研究的理論意義和實(shí)踐意義,并提出了研究的局限性和未來(lái)值得研究的方向。
[Abstract]:With the increasing complexity of work, organizations are increasingly relying on groups to complete tasks. Group effectiveness is an important indicator to measure the effectiveness of group work. Previous research showed that group effectiveness is influenced by various factors, including individual characteristics, organizational context, task characteristics and group process. The group process was believed to play an intermediary or buffer in between each influence factor and effectiveness, and the interaction between the group process is essentially the group members. However, the relationship between group interaction behavior and group effectiveness, many of the conclusions are not consistent, the main reason is the lack of unified behavior measure. Therefore, research needs analysis system clear the complex problem situation in group process is how to influence group effectiveness by developing credible. The functional theory of group decision-making are We believe that we can interpret the effect of task process on effectiveness. We study complex problem solving as a group task. According to the functional theory of group decision making, we use multi feature method to deeply analyze the characteristics of complex problem solving process and its influence mechanism on effectiveness.
The first part of the complex problem solving theory, group process, in-depth review group effectiveness and functional group decision theory, think group complex problem solving group effectiveness process, complex problem solving is dynamic, complexity, ambiguity and time lag, group process including task related interaction and interpersonal interaction therefore, based on previous research results, this study is based on the computer simulation as the research method, according to the group decision of functional theory in-depth study group complex problem solving process characteristic and its influence on the effectiveness.
To solve the process characteristics of the second part of system data simulation based on context to analyze complex issues and their impact on the effectiveness of the traditional analysis method. By using the computer simulation method to solve complex problems and the situation of the individual differences to analyze the effectiveness of group complex problem solving. The results show that the different effectiveness of system variables in the control group process control, information collection and processing, and different decision strategies etc., proved the task process has influence on group effectiveness.
The third part of the group process observation system analysis group complex problem solving process, the construction process variables affect the validity of the model. This part consists of three sub studies. Study is mainly to develop and test a complex problem solving the group process observation system. The result has five main categories and ten sub categories of to observe the level of group interaction analysis system, and the system is proved to have high reliability. Two sub study using the observation system to analyze the complex problem solving. The results show the high effectiveness of the group and the low effectiveness of the functional groups on the steps of process control are different: to solve the low effectiveness of the group problem. But the effectiveness of the high group can effectively manage the various functional sub steps. Three research is mainly the analysis of complex problem solving process using interactive observation system, Analysis method and process variables influence the effectiveness of the interactive multiple regression. The model validation process including task related interaction and interpersonal interaction. Task related interaction problem identification, group Reflexivity on effectiveness has a positive effect, and diversified views on the effectiveness of task execution strategies and negative effects. Interpersonal interaction in the controversial discussion and social support have a positive impact on the effectiveness of conflict management, have a negative impact. The test results show that this model has high explanatory power.
The fourth part is the research community of inquiry subjective reports have impact on group effectiveness of the process variables. Through the research group interview and content analysis factors that promote and disorder group members "cognition". The third part is the research results support the results of the process, at the same time, also added the subjective experience of the process variables; the study also found that the effectiveness of high group and low effectiveness of group differences of influence.
In the fifth part, the group process is overall and dynamic, research on group targeted intervention to verify the diagnosis on impact on the effectiveness of group task process and mechanism of cognitive process variables. The results showed that after the diagnosis after the reflection of the group in the follow-up to the task in the process of optimizing the group. And then improve the group effectiveness. This part of research for the effective promotion of group practice to provide a reference.
The sixth part discusses the theory of the research conclusion, the progress in three aspects: the theory of the combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the complex problem solving process characteristics; comparison and integration process of observation and group members' understanding of the process variables; in group decision making based on the theory of functional analysis of the effects of process variables on the group the effectiveness of the construction of the group effectiveness process angle model.
The last part summarizes the theoretical and practical significance of this study, and puts forward the limitations of the research and the direction for future research.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：F224;C93

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