【摘要】：目前，溫室氣體排放引起的全球變暖已經(jīng)成為國(guó)際社會(huì)普遍關(guān)注的問(wèn)題。建筑業(yè)的相關(guān)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生大量的溫室氣體，而溫室氣體的主要成分是二氧化碳(CO2)，約占到80%。隨著我國(guó)建筑數(shù)量逐漸增多，在建造、使用等過(guò)程中都消耗了大量的能源也產(chǎn)生了大量的CO2，因此減少建筑碳排放量對(duì)我國(guó)節(jié)能減排工作有著重要的意義。 因此，本文基于全生命周期評(píng)價(jià)理論(LCA)，將建筑全生命周期劃分為規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)、建材生產(chǎn)、建造施工、使用維護(hù)、拆除清理五個(gè)階段，根據(jù)我國(guó)的實(shí)際情況和各階段的特點(diǎn)確定建筑全生命周期的碳排放來(lái)源。通過(guò)大量的國(guó)內(nèi)外文獻(xiàn)查閱、數(shù)據(jù)的分析與演算，得到化石能源、電力、主要建材等碳排放因子。通過(guò)對(duì)各個(gè)階段影響碳排放的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析，，建立包括主要建材種類(lèi)和數(shù)量、機(jī)械類(lèi)型和機(jī)械臺(tái)班用量、使用階段各種能源的消耗量等數(shù)據(jù)清單。在此基礎(chǔ)上，利用排放系數(shù)法將清單數(shù)據(jù)與碳排放因子聯(lián)系起來(lái)，構(gòu)建了建筑全生命周期碳排放的計(jì)算模型。然后，在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上以石家莊市高華家園廉租住房住宅小區(qū)3#住宅樓為工程實(shí)例，運(yùn)用碳排放計(jì)算模型，計(jì)算該住宅樓全生命周期各階段的碳排放量及碳排放比例。最后，根據(jù)碳排放計(jì)算的結(jié)果針對(duì)建筑全生命周期五個(gè)階段的碳排放情況提出碳減排對(duì)策，重點(diǎn)通過(guò)改變其保溫層厚度和使用年限對(duì)比分析該建筑全生命周期的碳排放變化情況及減排率。 研究構(gòu)建的碳排放計(jì)算模型可直接應(yīng)用于建筑全生命周期碳排放的定量計(jì)算，可以為大量建筑的碳排放估算提供依據(jù)。同時(shí)，碳排放減排策略的提出，為建筑工程項(xiàng)目的節(jié)能減排、低碳建筑的發(fā)展路徑選擇及政策的科學(xué)制定提供理論依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:At present, global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions has become a common concern of the international community. The related activities of the construction industry produce a large amount of greenhouse gases, while the main components of greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide (CO2), accounting for about 80 per cent. With the increase of the number of buildings in our country, a great deal of energy is consumed in the construction, use and so on. Therefore, it is of great significance to reduce the carbon emission of the building to the energy-saving and emission reduction of our country. Therefore, based on the whole life cycle evaluation theory (LCA), the whole life cycle of the building is divided into planning and design, building material production, construction and construction, maintenance and removal of five steps. According to the actual situation in China and the characteristics of each stage, the carbon emission of the whole life cycle of the building is determined. Source. Through a large number of domestic and foreign literature review and data analysis and calculation, the carbon emission of fossil energy, electric power and main building materials is obtained. Based on the analysis of the data affecting the carbon emission at each stage, the data including the types and quantity of main building materials, the mechanical type and the consumption of the mechanical table and the consumption of various energy sources during the use phase are established. On the basis of this, the emission coefficient method is used to link the inventory data with the carbon emission factor, and the calculation model of carbon emission in the whole life cycle of the building is constructed. Based on the theoretical analysis, the carbon emission and the carbon emission ratio in the whole life cycle of the residential building are calculated by using the carbon emission calculation model on the basis of the theoretical analysis. Examples. Finally, according to the results of the carbon emission calculation, the carbon emission reduction strategy is proposed for the carbon emission in the five stages of the whole life cycle of the building, and the change of the carbon emission and the emission reduction of the whole life cycle of the building are analyzed by changing the thickness of the insulation layer and the service life of the building. The carbon emission calculation model constructed by the study can be directly applied to the quantitative calculation of the carbon emission in the whole life cycle of the building, and can be used for estimating the carbon emission of a large number of buildings. On the basis of. At the same time, the proposal of the emission reduction strategy of carbon emission provides a basis for the energy-saving and emission-reduction of construction engineering projects, the development path selection of low-carbon buildings and the scientific development of policies.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石家莊鐵道大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X799.1;TU201.5

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