【摘要】：伴隨著社會經(jīng)濟的騰飛和科學技術(shù)的突飛猛進，先進的建造技術(shù)為建筑形態(tài)的生成提供了強有力的支撐，建筑屋頂逐漸擺脫了重力的束縛和材料的限制，建筑師可以對其形態(tài)設計進行天馬行空的創(chuàng)作。我國正處在城市化進程的高速上升期，由于平原用地的極具萎縮和對耕地面積的嚴格控制，人們開始把眼光投向了占國土面積大半的山地環(huán)境，向山地環(huán)境拓展生存空間的渴望愈演愈烈，導致山地環(huán)境中涌現(xiàn)出了風格多樣、形態(tài)各異的建筑屋頂造型。但是由于缺乏系統(tǒng)的理論指導和完善的設計導則，出現(xiàn)了與山體格格不入的建筑屋頂，嚴重破壞了山地自然景觀界面的完整性。山地環(huán)境中的屋頂形態(tài)對整個建筑的風貌特征起到了決定性的作用，所以為了發(fā)展可持續(xù)的山地人居環(huán)境建設，建筑師應該把屋頂形態(tài)作為山地系統(tǒng)整體的一部分進行研究。 “在持續(xù)發(fā)展的觀念中，要整體地體現(xiàn)下列交織的原則：形式要隨功能而定；形式要隨構(gòu)造、材料和技術(shù)而定；形式要隨環(huán)境而定；形式要隨文化傳統(tǒng)、社會意識及社會生活方式而定；形式要隨著設計作者的獨創(chuàng)性而定”①。由此可見，，特定的屋頂形態(tài)存在于特定的條件及其環(huán)境因素所構(gòu)成的時空體系中，建筑師應把各類制約因素作為屋頂形態(tài)設計的重要依據(jù)。合理的屋頂形態(tài)設計首先需要分析既定的山地環(huán)境的特殊性，考慮山體與建筑屋頂間交接關系的同時，保證屋頂形態(tài)兼具良好的視覺審美功能，就需要分析人們處在立體空間中視覺感受的差異性，以及建筑所處山位的不同對屋頂形態(tài)的影響，概括出屋頂形態(tài)設計的形式美法則。然后根據(jù)建筑類型對屋頂內(nèi)外空間使用功能的具體要求，對既定山地環(huán)境中的屋頂形態(tài)設計提出相應的策略。本文結(jié)合筆者參與的具體項目對決定性的設計要素（地形地貌、視覺審美、使用功能）進行探析，有針對性的總結(jié)出山地環(huán)境中建筑屋頂形態(tài)的四個設計要點。 第一部分是本文的緒論，闡述了研究的緣起，研究的理論背景和現(xiàn)狀，明確了研究的目的和意義，并搭建起完整系統(tǒng)的研究方法。 第二部分敘述了屋頂形態(tài)的發(fā)展與構(gòu)成，從屋頂雛形的起源到古典建筑的屋頂形態(tài)，從現(xiàn)代主義建筑屋頂?shù)谋璧轿蓓斝螒B(tài)多元化發(fā)展的演進，然后分析屋頂?shù)幕驹�、組成和形式，闡明屋頂形態(tài)是表現(xiàn)一個時代的建造技術(shù)與藝術(shù)審美相互結(jié)合的載體。 第三部分詳述了影響屋頂形態(tài)生成的諸多因素，包括地形地貌、視覺審美、使用功能、文化觀念、氣候條件、建造技術(shù)和建筑材料等，分別結(jié)合實例驗證了屋頂形態(tài)的變化是對周邊環(huán)境的差異性所做出的正確應對，總結(jié)出影響山地環(huán)境中屋頂形態(tài)的決定性因素是：地形地貌、視覺審美、使用功能。 第四部分著重從地形地貌、視覺審美和使用功能三個方面，探析山地環(huán)境中的屋頂形態(tài)設計，首先論述了山地環(huán)境的特殊性，以及屋頂與山體的交接方式，然后分析人的視覺感受和屋頂所處山位對屋頂形態(tài)的影響，最后從屋頂內(nèi)部空間的使用類型、外部空間的功能拓展和屋頂?shù)木窆δ埽撌鑫蓓斝螒B(tài)和使用功能之間的相互聯(lián)系和制約的關系。 第五部分以重慶云陽移民局技術(shù)培訓中心方案設計為例，從以上三個決定性因素分別進行解讀和分析，并有目的性的提出相應的四個設計要點。 第六部分總結(jié)全文，概括論文的研究成果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the social economy and the rapid development of science and technology, the advanced construction technology provides a powerful support for the formation of the building, and the roof of the building gradually gets rid of the restraint of the gravity and the restriction of the material. China is in the high-speed rising period of the process of urbanization, because of the extremely shrinking of the plain land and the strict control of the cultivated area, people have begun to turn their eyes to the mountainous environment which is a big and semi-large area of the land and land, and the desire to expand the living space to the mountain environment is becoming more and more intense. Resulting in a variety of styles and various types of building roof shapes in the mountainous environment. However, due to the lack of the theoretical guidance and perfect design guidelines of the system, the building roof, which is out of the way of the mountain, has seriously damaged the integrity of the natural landscape interface of the mountain. The roof form in the mountain environment plays a decisive role in the feature of the whole building, so the architect should study the roof form as a part of the mountain system in order to develop the sustainable mountain-dwelling environment. "In the concept of continuous development, the following interwoven principles should be embodied as a whole: the form is to function as the function; the form depends on the structure, material and technology; the form depends on the environment; the form depends on the cultural tradition, the social consciousness and the social life style; in that form of the originality of the design author" Therefore, in the time-space system of the specific condition and its environmental factors, the architect should take all kinds of constraint factors as the important basis of the roof form design. According to the reasonable roof form design, it is necessary to analyze the particularity of the established mountain environment, and to consider the relationship between the mountain and the roof of the building, and to ensure that the roof form has good visual and aesthetic function, it is necessary to analyze the difference in the visual sense of people in the three-dimensional space. The influence of the different views on the roof form and the shape of the roof in the form of the roof form design is summarized. And then, according to the specific requirements of the building type on the use function of the inner and outer space of the roof, corresponding suggestions are put forward for the roof form design in a given mountain environment. In the light of the specific project involved in the author, this paper makes an analysis of the decisive design elements (the terrain, the visual and the use function), and the four designs of the building roof form in the mountainous environment are summarized. The first part is the introduction of this paper, expounds the origin of the research, the theoretical background and the present situation of the research, and makes clear the purpose and significance of the research, and sets up the research and research of the whole system. The second part describes the development and construction of the roof form, from the origin of the rudiment of the roof to the roof form of the classical architecture, from the tragic song of the roof of the modernism architecture to the evolution of the diverse development of the roof form, and then analyzes the basic elements of the roof, The composition and form of the roof is to show that the form of the roof is one of the times in which the construction technology and the art of the art form one another. The third part details the factors that affect the form of the roof, including the topography, the visual aesthetics, the use function, the cultural concept, the climatic conditions and the construction technology. The change of the roof form is the correct response to the difference of the surrounding environment, and the decisive factors that affect the form of the roof in the mountainous environment are as follows: the landform, the vision, The fourth part focuses on the form design of the roof in the mountain environment from the three aspects of the landform, the visual and the function of the use. The particularity of the mountain environment and the house are discussed. According to the way of hand-over of the roof and the mountain, the influence of the human's visual experience and the position of the roof on the form of the roof is analyzed, and the phase between the roof form and the function of the roof is discussed from the use type of the inner space of the roof, the function of the external space and the mental function of the roof. The fifth part, taking the design of the technical training center of Yunyang Immigration Bureau of Chongqing as an example, analyzes and analyzes the above three decisive factors, and has the purpose. The corresponding four design points are proposed. The sixth part is
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU231

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