【摘要】：輻射供冷技術作為新型節(jié)能舒適空調的一種，具有迫切的應用前景。輻射供冷環(huán)境屬于典型非均勻熱環(huán)境，輻射末端鋪設方式對熱環(huán)境的不均勻特性影響較大，大多數(shù)工程設計人員對于各種鋪設方式從舒適性方面引起的優(yōu)劣效果存在模糊認識。本文圍繞熱舒適、輻射不對稱性引起的熱不舒適等方面，對非均勻輻射供冷環(huán)境人體熱舒適性問題進行研究，主要開展了以下研究工作： 首先，對應用輻射供冷系統(tǒng)的建筑進行了實驗研究，詳細分析了輻射供冷系統(tǒng)在連續(xù)運行工況和間歇運行工況下的實際運行效果，對兩種工況室內熱環(huán)境及人體熱舒適進行了評價，為后續(xù)數(shù)值模型提供實驗數(shù)據(jù)驗證。 其次，在輻射供冷房間對受試者進行熱感覺實驗，考慮了全身熱感覺及局部熱感覺，總結人體實際熱感覺投票（TSV）結果，并與PMV-PPD熱舒適模型計算值進行對比分析。研究表明，TSV普遍高于PMV計算指標，平均差值約為0.8，引起偏差的主要原因是測試時間、身體素質和心理期望三方面。 再次，建立輻射供冷系統(tǒng)的數(shù)值模型，采用實測數(shù)據(jù)驗證其有效性，對輻射供冷系統(tǒng)末端設置在頂棚、地板、側墻的四種組合工況進行數(shù)值模擬，著重從室內熱環(huán)境、人體熱舒適及局部熱不舒適度三個方面對計算結果進行分析研究。結論表明，吊頂鋪設方式的室內豎向溫度分布最均勻，地板鋪設方式對人體活動區(qū)域的供冷效率最高，在0.1m~1.1m高度范圍內平均空氣溫度比吊頂鋪設工況下低約0.3℃，室內預測熱感覺指標滿足熱舒適區(qū)要求。 而后，從熱舒適角度對吊頂和地板輻射供冷工況下不同鋪設面積進行對比和研究，分析其對室內熱環(huán)境和人體熱舒適的影響。結果表明，吊頂輻射板鋪設率低于40%、地板輻射板鋪設率低于20%時，冷板壁面與其他壁面溫度差值過大，人體面對冷板時輻射的不對稱性會造成局部熱不舒適，，且室內空氣溫度分布不均勻性比較嚴重。從熱舒適方面考慮，吊頂輻射板鋪設率為60%~100%是比較合理的鋪設面積，地板輻射板鋪設率為60%~80%是比較合理的。 最后，針對需要局部溫度控制的高大辦公建筑，研究工位式供冷方式對熱環(huán)境的個體化控制，對其優(yōu)化設計。研究表明，與地板輻射末端滿鋪相比，工位式鋪設方式在減少供冷量40%的情況下，可使辦公區(qū)域人員周圍溫度低約1.5~2℃，得到更高的熱舒適性。增大送風量和采用工位壁面供冷方式可以降低豎向溫度梯度，減小局部熱不舒適度。 本文研究結果可為輻射供冷系統(tǒng)末端設計提供理論參考，帶動輻射供冷空調的推廣。
[Abstract]:As a new type of energy saving and comfortable air conditioning, radiation cooling technology has an urgent application prospect. The radiation cooling environment belongs to the typical non-uniform thermal environment, and the radiation terminal laying mode has a great influence on the non-uniform characteristics of the thermal environment. Most engineering designers have a fuzzy understanding of the advantages and disadvantages caused by various laying methods from the aspect of comfort. In this paper, the thermal comfort of the human body in the non-uniform radiation cooling environment is studied in terms of thermal comfort, radiation asymmetry and so on. The main research work is as follows: first of all, This paper makes an experimental study on the buildings with radiation cooling system, analyzes in detail the actual operation effect of the radiation cooling system under continuous and intermittent operating conditions, and evaluates the indoor thermal environment and thermal comfort of the human body under the two working conditions. To provide experimental data verification for the subsequent numerical model. Secondly, the thermal sensation experiment was carried out in the radiation cooling room. The whole body thermal sensation and the local thermal sensation were considered, and the (TSV) results of the actual thermal sensation voting were summarized and compared with the calculated values of the PMV-PPD thermal comfort model. The results show that the TSV is generally higher than the PMV calculation index, and the average difference is about 0.8. The main causes of the deviation are test time, physical quality and psychological expectation. Thirdly, the numerical model of the radiative cooling system is established, and the validity of the system is verified by the measured data. The numerical simulation of the four combined working conditions at the end of the radiative cooling system in the ceiling, floor and side wall is carried out, focusing on the indoor thermal environment. The thermal comfort and local thermal uncomfortableness of human body are analyzed and studied. The results show that the indoor vertical temperature distribution of ceiling laying is the most uniform, and the cooling efficiency of floor laying is the highest, and the average air temperature in the range of 0.1m~1.1m is about 0.3 鈩

本文編號：2422619