【摘要】：當前世界國家公園和保護區(qū)運動普遍關注社區(qū)問題，管理理念從“消極式”和“排除式”轉變?yōu)橹匾暽鐓^(qū)價值與可持續(xù)發(fā)展。我國風景名勝區(qū)內的社區(qū)也是影響風景區(qū)保護與管理的重要因素。當前風景區(qū)規(guī)劃實踐對社區(qū)仍持有“一刀切”的“搬遷式”思維慣式，缺乏對風景區(qū)社區(qū)和社區(qū)規(guī)劃的全面研究，造成風景區(qū)社區(qū)潛在價值遺失、風景區(qū)與社區(qū)矛盾激化等問題，影響風景區(qū)整體價值的保護以及社區(qū)在保護前提下的合理存續(xù)與發(fā)展。 本研究以風景區(qū)社區(qū)多重價值識別為導向，探討兼顧社區(qū)價值保護與社區(qū)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的社區(qū)規(guī)劃途徑。研究按照提出問題、認識問題、分析問題、解決問題的思路可以大致分為四個部分。首先，論述國內外研究背景，初步提出研究問題，綜述已有相關理論與文獻。隨后，全面考查風景區(qū)社區(qū)的歷史與現狀。將社區(qū)置于更宏觀的國家社會經濟變遷背景下，分析推動社區(qū)演變的主要驅動力；現狀分析包括社區(qū)自身和社區(qū)規(guī)劃兩方面，前者從多個角度分析風景區(qū)社區(qū)復雜現狀，后者通過考查若干風景區(qū)的現行規(guī)劃文件分析社區(qū)規(guī)劃政策現狀。第三，從多重價值的視角審視風景區(qū)社區(qū)和社區(qū)規(guī)劃政策。首先運用效用價值理論構建風景區(qū)社區(qū)價值分析體系，并借此論述當前社區(qū)規(guī)劃政策忽視社區(qū)價值的問題及后果，隨后通過資源配置和治理途徑分析發(fā)現當前社區(qū)政策缺乏實施有效性，繼而提出社區(qū)自組織的改善思路。最后，基于風景區(qū)社區(qū)價值體系和自組織治理條件，，提出風景區(qū)社區(qū)規(guī)劃在規(guī)劃目標、規(guī)劃特點、主要規(guī)劃內容、關鍵規(guī)劃環(huán)節(jié)等方面的優(yōu)化策略，并以九寨溝風景區(qū)社區(qū)為例進行了實踐檢驗。 風景區(qū)社區(qū)價值體系可分為社區(qū)作為價值客體的生活、游憩、經濟、研究、選擇價值和作為價值主體的經濟、精神、游憩、環(huán)境等不同要素，各要素之間、要素與風景區(qū)價值之間存在密切聯系。社區(qū)價值評估要根據不同的價值類型分別確立評價指標和具體方法，并對價值體系進行整體分析。自組織治理作為已有的層級治理和市場治理途徑的補充，是風景區(qū)社區(qū)治理的理想途徑。當前風景區(qū)社區(qū)尚未具備充分的自組織治理條件，而風景區(qū)社區(qū)規(guī)劃通過增加軟性規(guī)劃內容，運用參與性和溝通性規(guī)劃手段等方式，促進社區(qū)形成自組織治理的必要條件，最終實現社區(qū)價值體系的保護和社區(qū)合理存續(xù)。
[Abstract]:At present, the movement of national parks and protected areas in the world is generally concerned about community problems, and the concept of management has changed from "negative" and "exclusive" to attaching importance to community value and sustainable development. The community in scenic areas is also an important factor affecting the protection and management of scenic spots. The current practice of scenic area planning still holds a "one-size-fits-all" relocation "mode of thinking for the community, and the lack of comprehensive research on the community and community planning of the scenic area results in the loss of the potential value of the community in the scenic area. The contradiction between the scenic area and the community is intensified, which affects the protection of the whole value of the scenic spot and the reasonable existence and development of the community under the premise of protection. Based on the multi-value recognition of community in scenic area, this study discusses the ways of community planning which takes into account the protection of community value and the sustainable development of community. The research can be divided into four parts according to the ideas of raising problems, recognizing problems, analyzing problems and solving problems. Firstly, the research background at home and abroad is discussed, and the relevant theories and literatures are summarized. Subsequently, a comprehensive examination of the history and status of the scenic community. Put the community in the broader context of national social and economic changes, and analyze the main driving forces driving the evolution of the community; The present situation analysis includes two aspects: community itself and community planning. The former analyzes the complex situation of the scenic area community from many angles, the latter analyzes the status quo of community planning policy by examining the current planning documents of several scenic spots. Third, view the community and community planning policy from the view of multi-value. Firstly, the utility value theory is used to construct the community value analysis system of scenic spots, and then the problems and consequences of ignoring community value in current community planning policy are discussed. Then, through the analysis of resource allocation and governance approach, we find that the current community policy is lack of effective implementation, and then put forward the community self-organization to improve the thinking. Finally, based on the community value system and self-organizing governance conditions, the paper puts forward the optimization strategies in planning objectives, planning characteristics, main planning contents, key planning links, and so on. And take Jiuzhaigou scenic spot community as an example to carry on the practice test. The community value system of scenic spots can be divided into different elements, such as life, recreation, economy, research, selection of value and economy, spirit, recreation, environment and so on. There is a close relationship between the elements and the value of scenic spots. The evaluation index and concrete method should be established according to different value types, and the value system should be analyzed as a whole. Self-organization governance, as a supplement of existing hierarchical governance and market governance, is an ideal approach to community governance in scenic spots. At present, the community of scenic area has not had sufficient self-organization management condition, and the community planning of scenic area has promoted the necessary condition of self-organizing governance by increasing the content of soft planning, using participatory and communication planning methods, etc. Finally, the protection of community value system and the reasonable existence of community are realized.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU984.12

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