【摘要】：長期以來，我國農(nóng)村居民點空間布局存在著數(shù)量多，分布廣，規(guī)模小的特征，而農(nóng)村居民點空間布局分散低效的格局在很大程度上制約著區(qū)域社會經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展，如何解決農(nóng)村居民點空間布局紊亂，充分挖掘其內(nèi)部潛力，從而實現(xiàn)農(nóng)村居民點發(fā)展由外延擴張向內(nèi)涵發(fā)展的轉變、統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展是當亟待解決的問題。 另一方面，引力模型作為分析不同地區(qū)空間相互作用的核心工具，被廣泛應用于經(jīng)濟地理和區(qū)域地理學研究分析中，將引力模型根據(jù)農(nóng)村居民點特點進行修正，可以為農(nóng)村居民點空間優(yōu)化布局提供一定的科學依據(jù)。 本文在此基礎上，選取鄱陽縣團林鄉(xiāng)作為研究區(qū)域，探討農(nóng)村居民點空間相互關系，分析農(nóng)村居民點改進引力模型的特點、要素、計算方法，對引力模型中質量和距離兩個參數(shù)進行重構和修正，最后測算農(nóng)村居民點引力值并根據(jù)引力值分級結果提出相應的空間布局優(yōu)化策略。研究表明： （1）綜合應用GIS空間分析方法和AHP層次分析法，從自然條件、經(jīng)濟基礎、社會生活、政策影響四個方面構建的團林鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)村居民點引力質量綜合評價指標體系，改進了引力模型中引力質量的計算方法，可以較全面地測算出團林鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)村居民點的引力質量和11個行政村中心的引力質量，研究所得其值大多分布在21-52之間； （2）通過構建團林鄉(xiāng)交通路網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)集，引入OD矩陣可以便捷準確地測算每個農(nóng)村居民點到11個行政村中心的路網(wǎng)距離，以替代引力模型中的簡單直線距離。研究所得每個農(nóng)村居民點各生成11條到行政村中心之間的路徑，總共1573條路徑，使引力模型在農(nóng)村居民點空間相互作用方面的研究更具實踐性和操作性。 （3）利用質量參數(shù)和距離參數(shù)修正后的引力模型能夠很好的支持農(nóng)村居民點空間布局與結構優(yōu)化研究。根據(jù)空間作用引力值，最終確定團林鄉(xiāng)農(nóng)村居民點優(yōu)先發(fā)展型15個、保留挖潛型78個、縮并衰亡型50個，并提出相應的調(diào)控方向，，給新農(nóng)村建設和農(nóng)村土地整治過程中的遷村并點提供了參考。 （4）農(nóng)村居民點是一個相互影響、相互聯(lián)系的經(jīng)濟社會生態(tài)共同體，在區(qū)域范圍內(nèi)表現(xiàn)為集鎮(zhèn)、中心村與附近的基層村相互吸引的一個有機網(wǎng)絡。引力模型在地理學和區(qū)域經(jīng)濟學中發(fā)揮著重要的理論支撐，可以很好地用來模擬農(nóng)村居民點用地空間結構中相關要素之間的聯(lián)系強弱，為農(nóng)村居民點空間布局優(yōu)化分析提供有力支持。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the spatial distribution of rural residential areas in China has the characteristics of large number, wide distribution and small scale, while the pattern of scattered spatial distribution and low efficiency of rural residential areas largely restricts the sustainable development of regional social economy. How to solve the disorder of spatial distribution of rural residential areas, fully tap its internal potential, so as to realize the transformation of rural residential development from extension expansion to connotation development, as well as the integration of urban and rural development is an urgent problem to be solved. On the other hand, the gravity model, as the core tool for analyzing the spatial interaction between different regions, is widely used in the research and analysis of economic geography and regional geography, and the gravity model is modified according to the characteristics of rural settlements. It can provide some scientific basis for the optimization of rural residential space layout. On this basis, this paper selects Tuanlin Township of Poyang County as the research area, discusses the spatial relationship of rural residential areas, and analyzes the characteristics, elements and calculation methods of the improved gravity model of rural residential areas. This paper reconstructs and modifies the two parameters of mass and distance in the gravity model, and finally calculates the gravity value of rural residential areas and puts forward the corresponding spatial layout optimization strategy according to the gradation results of gravity values. The results show that: (1) GIS spatial analysis method and AHP analytic hierarchy process are used synthetically, from natural conditions, economic basis, social life, The comprehensive evaluation index system of gravity quality in rural residential areas of Tuanlin Township has been constructed in four aspects of policy influence, and the calculation method of gravity mass in gravity model has been improved. The gravity mass of rural residential areas in Tuanlin Township and the gravity mass of 11 administrative villages can be calculated comprehensively, and the results show that most of the values are between 21-52; (2) by constructing the traffic network data set of Tuanlin Township, the distance between each rural residential area and the center of 11 administrative villages can be calculated conveniently and accurately by introducing OD matrix to replace the simple straight line distance in gravity model. In this paper, 11 paths from each rural residential area to the center of the administrative village are generated, with a total of 1573 paths, which makes the study of the spatial interaction of rural residential areas more practical and operational. (3) the modified gravity model with mass parameter and distance parameter can support the optimization of spatial layout and structure of rural residential area. According to the value of space action gravity, it is determined that the rural residential areas in Tuanlin Township have 15 priority development types, 78 reserved potential types, 50 shrinking and decaying types, and the corresponding control directions are put forward. For the new rural construction and rural land renovation process of the relocation of the point to provide a reference. (4) the rural residential area is an economic, social and ecological community which affects each other and interrelates with each other. In the regional scope, it is shown as an organic network which attracts each other between the central village and the nearby grass-roots village. Gravity model plays an important role in geography and regional economics. It can be used to simulate the relationship between the related elements in the spatial structure of rural residential land. For the rural residential area spatial layout optimization analysis to provide the strength support.
【學位授予單位】：江西農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU982.29

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