【摘要】：隨著傳統(tǒng)的空調系統(tǒng)導致“病態(tài)建筑綜合癥”的出現(xiàn)，及建筑能源的不斷消耗，促使人們去尋求舒適、健康和節(jié)能的空調方案。在這種情況下，局部熱刺激所形成的非均勻環(huán)境開始成為學者研究的熱點。同時在實際生活中非均勻環(huán)境的廣泛存在，使其研究不但具有廣泛的應用背景，還將有助于揭示人體熱反應的深層次規(guī)律。因此，本文采取現(xiàn)場調查和實驗研究相結合的方法，對偏冷環(huán)境局部熱刺激條件下的人體熱反應進行探索性研究。 首先，本文于2012年冬季在重慶大學自然通風教室和宿舍開展人體熱舒適現(xiàn)場調查工作，共獲得382份有效數(shù)據(jù)，其中男性218份，女性164份。從服裝熱阻分析得出冬季人員服裝熱阻的分布特性，，反映出冬季人員典型的著衣習慣；并對局部和整體熱感覺投票分析得出手背、大腿和腳部的熱感覺投票值與整體熱感覺投票值較為接近，且小腿熱感覺最能解釋整體熱感覺的變化，整體熱感覺主要受小腿、手背、額頭和腳部熱感覺的控制。 然后，本文基于現(xiàn)場調查研究結果以在校健康大學生為受試人群，于2013年12月～2014年1月開展了以12℃和14℃為背景溫度的小腿熱刺激實驗研究，對比分析背景工況和送風工況下各部位熱感覺和熱舒適發(fā)現(xiàn)，大腿、小腿、腳部和整體的熱感覺和熱舒適均出現(xiàn)顯著性差異。除在12℃背景工況下，送風溫度為52.8℃時胸口和背部熱感覺出現(xiàn)顯著差異，及14℃背景工況下，送風溫度為33.2℃和41.5℃時背部和手背熱舒適出現(xiàn)顯著差異外，其他部位熱感覺和熱舒適未出現(xiàn)顯著性差異。且當在12和14℃工況下小腿送風溫差范圍分別為38.7～42.0℃和18.4～28.9℃時，整體熱感覺達到ASHRAE標準推薦值（-0.5～0.5）。分析整體熱感覺與平均皮膚溫度的關系，發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者在穩(wěn)態(tài)環(huán)境下呈良好的線性關系，而非穩(wěn)態(tài)環(huán)境下兩者出現(xiàn)分離，熱感覺出現(xiàn)“超前”現(xiàn)象。 通過主成分分析方法得出偏冷環(huán)境下小腿熱刺激時，身體各部位熱感覺對整體熱感覺影響權重，發(fā)現(xiàn)人體下半身熱感覺權重系數(shù)較大，與偏熱環(huán)境下所得權重有所不同，說明局部熱感覺對整體熱感覺的影響權重在一定程度上受背景環(huán)境的影響。在偏冷非均勻環(huán)境下，探討熱感覺對熱舒適的影響作用，提出包含刺激部位、非刺激部位共同作用的熱感覺不均勻度，并得出偏冷非均勻環(huán)境下整體熱舒適的預測模型，可對偏冷非均勻環(huán)境進行評價。
[Abstract]:With the emergence of "sick building syndrome" caused by traditional air conditioning system, and the constant consumption of building energy, people are urged to seek comfort, health and energy saving air conditioning solutions. In this case, the non-uniform environment formed by local thermal stimulation has become a hot topic. At the same time, because of the widespread existence of non-uniform environment in real life, the research on it will not only have a wide application background, but also help to reveal the deep rules of human thermal reaction. Therefore, the method of field investigation and experimental study is used to study the human body thermal response under local thermal stimulation in cold environment. Firstly, in the winter of 2012, we conducted a field investigation of human thermal comfort in natural ventilation classrooms and dormitories of Chongqing University, and obtained 382 valid data, of which 218 were male and 164 were female. From the analysis of the clothing thermal resistance, the distribution characteristics of the winter personnel's clothing thermal resistance are obtained, which reflects the typical clothing habit of the winter personnel. The results showed that the voting value of thermal sensation in the back of the hand, thigh and foot was close to that of the whole thermal sensation, and the thermal sensation of the lower leg could explain the change of the whole thermal sensation, and the whole thermal sensation was mainly affected by the lower leg. The control of the back of the hand, forehead and foot heat sensation. Then, based on the results of field investigation, an experimental study was conducted on the shank thermal stimulation with background temperature of 12 鈩

本文編號：2397682