底商多層砌體房屋地震倒塌機(jī)理及加固方法研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-07 19:05
【摘要】：我國地震多發(fā)且震害嚴(yán)重，震害的主要表現(xiàn)是人員傷亡，而導(dǎo)致人員傷亡的最重要因素是房屋倒塌。汶川地震顯示，在我國中小城鎮(zhèn)，地震破壞嚴(yán)重的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)類型主要有底商多層砌體結(jié)構(gòu)、多層RC框架結(jié)構(gòu)、多層磚混結(jié)構(gòu)，其中極震區(qū)底商多層砌體結(jié)構(gòu)倒塌比率達(dá)85%。分析這類房屋倒塌機(jī)理，提出相應(yīng)的抗倒塌設(shè)計方法及對既有建筑抗倒塌加固方法十分必要。 本文通過汶川地震極震區(qū)中底商多層砌體結(jié)構(gòu)好、壞兩種典型代表進(jìn)行深入剖析，通過理論分析、振動臺試驗(yàn)、墻片偽靜力試驗(yàn)深入剖析了這類結(jié)構(gòu)的倒塌機(jī)理，并有針對性的提出了新建房屋房屋的抗倒塌設(shè)計方法以及既有建筑的抗倒塌加固方法。主要結(jié)果如下： （1）通過實(shí)地調(diào)研，客觀的展示了底商多層砌體結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)造特點(diǎn)和倒塌模式；指出，底商多層砌體底層縱向相對薄弱，沿縱向倒塌模式最為普遍； （2）模型結(jié)構(gòu)地震模擬試驗(yàn)表明：由于典型的底商多層砌體結(jié)構(gòu)底層縱向由三道側(cè)向剛度差異很大的墻體構(gòu)成，地震荷載按剛度比例分配，導(dǎo)致剛度最大的中間縱墻率先破壞，失去抗側(cè)和承重能力，地震與重力荷載順序轉(zhuǎn)移到另外兩道相對薄弱的墻體，，由于抗力顯著不足，倒塌難以避免； （3）通過代表性墻片偽靜力試驗(yàn)，定量地測得各道縱墻的抗側(cè)剛度值，結(jié)果支持了上述三道縱墻先后個個擊破的倒塌機(jī)理推斷； （4）在前人成果基礎(chǔ)上，得到了與試驗(yàn)結(jié)果更吻合的各類典型開洞墻片抗側(cè)剛度計算公式，為底商多層砌體的抗倒塌設(shè)計和既有建筑抗倒塌加固提供了理論依據(jù)； （5）基于上述調(diào)查、試驗(yàn)和分析結(jié)果，提出了“平衡剛度、增加延性”的抗倒塌設(shè)計方法，對既有底商多層砌體進(jìn)行加固的具體操作方法。
[Abstract]:There are many earthquakes in our country and the earthquake damage is serious. The main manifestation of earthquake damage is casualties, and the most important factor causing casualties is the collapse of buildings. The Wenchuan earthquake shows that in the small and medium-sized towns of our country, the main types of building structures which are seriously damaged by earthquake are multi-story masonry structure, multi-story RC frame structure and multi-story masonry structure, among which the collapse ratio of bottom Shang multi-story masonry structure in the extreme earthquake area is 85. It is necessary to analyze the collapse mechanism of this kind of building and put forward the corresponding design method of anti-collapse and strengthening method for the existing building. In this paper, the collapse mechanism of this kind of structures is deeply analyzed by means of two typical representatives of good and bad multistory masonry structures in the Wenchuan earthquake extreme earthquake region. The collapse mechanism of this kind of structures is analyzed by theoretical analysis, shaking table test and pseudostatic test of wall sheet. The anti-collapse design method of the new building and the anti-collapse reinforcement method of the existing building are put forward. The main results are as follows: (1) through field investigation, the structural characteristics and collapse mode of multistory masonry structure are objectively demonstrated, and it is pointed out that the vertical collapse mode of bottom layer is relatively weak, and the collapse mode along longitudinal direction is the most common. (2) the seismic simulation test of the model structure shows that the seismic load is distributed according to the stiffness ratio because the typical bottom layer of the multistory masonry structure is composed of three walls with different lateral stiffness. As a result, the middle longitudinal wall with the greatest stiffness is the first to destroy and lose its lateral and load-bearing capacity, and the earthquake and gravity loads are transferred to the other two relatively weak walls in sequence, so it is difficult to avoid collapse because of the obvious deficiency of the resistance. (3) through the pseudo-static test of the representative wall, the lateral stiffness of each longitudinal wall is measured quantitatively. The results support the collapse mechanism of each of the three longitudinal walls. (4) based on the previous results, the formulas for calculating the lateral stiffness of typical open-hole walls are obtained, which provide a theoretical basis for the anti-collapse design of multi-story masonry and the anti-collapse reinforcement of existing buildings. (5) based on the above investigation, test and analysis results, the collapse resistance design method of "balance stiffness, increase ductility" is put forward, and the concrete operation method of strengthening existing multi-story masonry is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU364;TU312.3;TU746.3
本文編號：2367680
[Abstract]:There are many earthquakes in our country and the earthquake damage is serious. The main manifestation of earthquake damage is casualties, and the most important factor causing casualties is the collapse of buildings. The Wenchuan earthquake shows that in the small and medium-sized towns of our country, the main types of building structures which are seriously damaged by earthquake are multi-story masonry structure, multi-story RC frame structure and multi-story masonry structure, among which the collapse ratio of bottom Shang multi-story masonry structure in the extreme earthquake area is 85. It is necessary to analyze the collapse mechanism of this kind of building and put forward the corresponding design method of anti-collapse and strengthening method for the existing building. In this paper, the collapse mechanism of this kind of structures is deeply analyzed by means of two typical representatives of good and bad multistory masonry structures in the Wenchuan earthquake extreme earthquake region. The collapse mechanism of this kind of structures is analyzed by theoretical analysis, shaking table test and pseudostatic test of wall sheet. The anti-collapse design method of the new building and the anti-collapse reinforcement method of the existing building are put forward. The main results are as follows: (1) through field investigation, the structural characteristics and collapse mode of multistory masonry structure are objectively demonstrated, and it is pointed out that the vertical collapse mode of bottom layer is relatively weak, and the collapse mode along longitudinal direction is the most common. (2) the seismic simulation test of the model structure shows that the seismic load is distributed according to the stiffness ratio because the typical bottom layer of the multistory masonry structure is composed of three walls with different lateral stiffness. As a result, the middle longitudinal wall with the greatest stiffness is the first to destroy and lose its lateral and load-bearing capacity, and the earthquake and gravity loads are transferred to the other two relatively weak walls in sequence, so it is difficult to avoid collapse because of the obvious deficiency of the resistance. (3) through the pseudo-static test of the representative wall, the lateral stiffness of each longitudinal wall is measured quantitatively. The results support the collapse mechanism of each of the three longitudinal walls. (4) based on the previous results, the formulas for calculating the lateral stiffness of typical open-hole walls are obtained, which provide a theoretical basis for the anti-collapse design of multi-story masonry and the anti-collapse reinforcement of existing buildings. (5) based on the above investigation, test and analysis results, the collapse resistance design method of "balance stiffness, increase ductility" is put forward, and the concrete operation method of strengthening existing multi-story masonry is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國地震局工程力學(xué)研究所
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU364;TU312.3;TU746.3
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