【摘要】：每年的建筑能耗都會(huì)造成大量的能源浪費(fèi)，而保溫隔熱材料在建筑節(jié)能方面起著舉足輕重的作用。傳統(tǒng)的有機(jī)保溫材料雖然質(zhì)輕、保溫性能較好，但存在非常嚴(yán)重的易燃缺陷，無(wú)機(jī)保溫隔熱材料保溫性能不足，也難以滿足當(dāng)今建筑節(jié)能材料的要求。有機(jī)/無(wú)機(jī)復(fù)合保溫隔熱材料結(jié)合了有機(jī)和無(wú)機(jī)保溫材料的優(yōu)勢(shì)，有望克服各自的不足，做到既保溫節(jié)能，又防火安全。 本文制備了三種保溫材料：環(huán)氧樹脂、水泥以及環(huán)氧樹脂/水泥復(fù)合發(fā)泡保溫材料，并采用超景深三維顯微系統(tǒng)、萬(wàn)能材料試驗(yàn)機(jī)等探索了各因素對(duì)材料微觀和宏觀性能的影響，最后將三種材料的綜合性能進(jìn)行比較，，結(jié)果表明： 對(duì)于環(huán)氧發(fā)泡保溫材料，改性納米SiO2、發(fā)泡劑、聚丙烯纖維、固化劑二乙烯三胺用量以及發(fā)泡成型溫度都是影響其微觀和宏觀性能的重要參數(shù)，本章確定的最佳配方為：改性納米SiO2用量為1.0%；發(fā)泡劑最佳用量為10%；聚丙烯纖維用量1.0%；固化劑二乙烯三胺用量為10%；最佳工藝條件為溫度70℃。在此配方下得到的環(huán)氧發(fā)泡材料的綜合性能為：抗壓強(qiáng)度1.119MPa，表觀密度118.9kg/m3，吸水率1.9%；導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)0.043w/m·k，屬于B級(jí)可燃性材料; 對(duì)于水泥發(fā)泡保溫材料，因本實(shí)驗(yàn)中是采用化學(xué)發(fā)泡劑Al粉進(jìn)行發(fā)泡的，化學(xué)反應(yīng)速度較快，故水泥料漿體系能否快硬早強(qiáng)以和發(fā)泡劑的發(fā)泡速率相匹配是制備水泥發(fā)泡保溫材料的關(guān)鍵。對(duì)普通硅酸鹽水泥進(jìn)行改性，當(dāng)高鋁水泥摻量為20份，Li2CO3摻量為3份時(shí)高鋁水泥-普通硅酸鹽水泥復(fù)合水泥體系初終凝時(shí)間最短，分別為：12min，22min，接近氣體的穩(wěn)泡時(shí)間；利用此復(fù)合水泥料漿制備水泥發(fā)泡保溫材料，各用量最佳配比為：Al粉用量15%，聚丙烯纖維用量2.0%，最佳發(fā)泡成型溫度為65℃；此配方下制得的水泥發(fā)泡保溫材料的綜合性能為：抗壓強(qiáng)度0.619MPa，容重285kg/m3，吸水率15.4%，導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)0.079w/m·k，屬于A級(jí)不燃材料； 對(duì)于環(huán)氧樹脂/水泥復(fù)合發(fā)泡材料，采用的水泥料漿體系為第三章所制備快硬早強(qiáng)復(fù)合水泥體系。本章確定了制備的最佳配方為：環(huán)氧樹脂和水泥的比例為1:8，Al粉摻量為6%，聚丙烯纖維用量為1.0%，硅粉摻量為11%，發(fā)泡成型溫度為70℃，復(fù)合發(fā)泡的綜合性能為：抗壓強(qiáng)度4.822MPa，容重212.6kg/m3，吸水率13%，導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)0.068w/m·k，屬于A級(jí)不燃材料； 將水泥基復(fù)合發(fā)泡材料的性能和水泥發(fā)泡材料以及環(huán)氧樹脂發(fā)泡材料相比較，可以看出復(fù)合發(fā)泡材料質(zhì)輕高強(qiáng)，屬于A級(jí)不燃材料，既可以保溫節(jié)能，又可以防火安全，綜合性能明顯優(yōu)于水泥發(fā)泡材料和環(huán)氧樹脂發(fā)泡材料，且成本較低，市場(chǎng)應(yīng)用前景廣闊。
[Abstract]:The energy consumption of buildings every year will cause a large amount of energy waste, and heat insulation materials play an important role in building energy conservation. Although the traditional organic thermal insulation materials are light in weight and good in thermal insulation performance, they have very serious flammable defects, and the thermal insulation properties of inorganic thermal insulation materials are insufficient, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of building energy saving materials nowadays. Organic / inorganic composite thermal insulation materials combine the advantages of organic and inorganic insulation materials, which are expected to overcome their shortcomings and achieve both heat preservation and energy saving and fire safety. In this paper, three kinds of insulating materials were prepared: epoxy resin, cement and epoxy resin / cement composite foaming insulation materials. The effects of various factors on the microcosmic and macroscopic properties of the materials were explored. Finally, the comprehensive properties of the three kinds of materials were compared. The results showed that: for epoxy foaming insulation materials, modified nano-scale SiO2, foaming agent, The content of polypropylene fiber, curing agent diethylenetriamine and foaming temperature are the important parameters that affect the microcosmic and macroscopic properties of polypropylene fiber. In this chapter, the optimum formula is determined as follows: the dosage of modified nanometer SiO2 is 1.0g; The optimum amount of foaming agent is 10; the dosage of polypropylene fiber is 1.0; the amount of curing agent diethylenetriamine is 10; the optimum technological condition is 70 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2342177