【摘要】：公寓式建筑一直都是火災(zāi)頻發(fā)并且傷亡人數(shù)較大的一類建筑,此類建筑中人員成分復(fù)雜,存在的可燃物量大,起火因素多,一旦發(fā)生火災(zāi),便會(huì)造成很大的人員傷亡和經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。在眾多的火災(zāi)事故研究分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)造成人員傷亡的主要因素是著火期間產(chǎn)生的大量煙氣的存在。所以,在火災(zāi)的發(fā)生期間能否將煙氣及時(shí)疏散和排出對(duì)建筑內(nèi)人員安全逃生有著重大的關(guān)系。本文選擇多層多室的走廊式學(xué)生公寓建筑為研究對(duì)象,運(yùn)用FDS模擬研究單室內(nèi)及走廊內(nèi)的煙氣蔓延。建筑物發(fā)生火災(zāi)時(shí),人員的逃生路線為室內(nèi)一走廊一樓梯一室外,而對(duì)于走廊式的建筑,走廊在人員疏散中的重要性更加明顯。本文主要針對(duì)單室火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)特性、不同火源熱釋放速率的走廊火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)特性、不同起火位置的走廊火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)特性、不同排煙條件的走廊火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬研究。在模擬研究中主要在走廊的水平和垂直方向針對(duì)火災(zāi)煙氣的溫度、能見度、CO濃度、CO2濃度、氧氣濃度、煙氣層高度等進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè)分析,從而得到走廊火災(zāi)煙氣的流動(dòng)特性規(guī)律。從模擬的結(jié)果可以得到結(jié)論：在走廊的水平方向,上層煙氣中煙氣的溫度、CO濃度、CO2濃度等隨著與火源距離的增加而降低,下層煙氣中煙氣的溫度、CO濃度、CO2濃度等隨著與火源距離的增加而增加,在最遠(yuǎn)點(diǎn)因受到墻壁等障礙物的阻擋,煙氣下沉回流,在走廊盡頭煙氣的溫度、CO濃度、CO2濃度、煙氣顆粒密度最大。在垂直方向,從走廊頂棚向下,煙氣的溫度、CO、CO2濃度則要依次的降低。
[Abstract]:Apartment buildings have always been a class of buildings with frequent fires and a large number of casualties. Such buildings have complex personnel components, large quantities of combustible materials and many fire factors. Once a fire breaks out, Will cause a lot of casualties and economic losses. In the analysis of many fire accidents, it is found that the main cause of casualties is the existence of a large number of smoke during the fire. Therefore, whether the smoke can be evacuated and discharged in time during the fire is of great importance to the safe escape of the occupants in the building. In this paper, the multi-storey multi-room corridor apartment building is chosen as the research object, and the smoke spread in the single room and corridor is simulated by FDS. When a building fires, the escape route of personnel is an indoor corridor, a staircase and an outdoor, but for a corridor building, the corridor is more important in evacuation. This paper focuses on the characteristics of single chamber fire smoke flow, corridor fire smoke flow characteristics with different fire source heat release rates, and corridor fire smoke flow characteristics with different fire locations. Numerical simulation of flue gas flow characteristics in corridor fires with different exhaust conditions was carried out. In the simulation study, the temperature, visibility, CO concentration, CO2 concentration, oxygen concentration and flue gas height of the fire smoke were monitored and analyzed in the horizontal and vertical direction of the corridor, and the flow characteristics of the fire smoke in the corridor were obtained. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that in the horizontal direction of corridor, the temperature of flue gas, the concentration of CO, the concentration of CO2 in the upper flue gas decrease with the increase of the distance between the flue gas and the fire source, and the temperature of the flue gas in the lower layer, the concentration of CO in the lower flue gas, and so on. The concentration of CO2 increases with the increase of distance from the fire source. At the furthest point it is blocked by wall and other obstacles, the smoke sinks and reflows. The temperature of flue gas at the end of the corridor, the concentration of CO, the concentration of CO2, and the density of flue gas particles are the largest. In the vertical direction, the flue gas temperature and CO,CO2 concentration will decrease in turn from the corridor roof down.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧工程技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU998.1

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前7條

1 李雷;謝Y，

本文編號(hào)：2319003