【摘要】：中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑的上分——屋頂是傳統(tǒng)建筑中一個(gè)重要的組成部分,中國(guó)幾千年的建筑史對(duì)屋頂?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)融進(jìn)了中華大地的文化和思想。閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑作為中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑體系的一個(gè)分支,她的屋頂意匠蘊(yùn)含了閩南的文化和思想。對(duì)閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑屋頂?shù)囊饨逞芯?將有助于研究閩南的建筑文化,通過(guò)反推,還可以彌補(bǔ)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑文化研究的不足。同時(shí),也將對(duì)閩南地區(qū)新閩南風(fēng)格的現(xiàn)代建筑設(shè)計(jì)甚至是新中式的建筑設(shè)計(jì)提供一些值得借鑒的思想和方法。 本文將閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑的屋頂作為研究對(duì)象,從文化和設(shè)計(jì)方法的視角,對(duì)閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑屋頂?shù)囊饨尺M(jìn)行研究。研究閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑屋頂?shù)囊饨?就是對(duì)其形態(tài)、構(gòu)造、做法和設(shè)計(jì)思想進(jìn)行研究。 本文按構(gòu)造將屋頂分成四大部分進(jìn)行研究,屋架、屋面、屋脊、山面的山花四個(gè)部分,分別對(duì)各個(gè)部分的形態(tài)、構(gòu)造、施工做法和設(shè)計(jì)思想進(jìn)行了分析。在文章的開(kāi)始首先對(duì)閩南地區(qū)的人文和地理環(huán)境因素做了介紹。在研究屋頂構(gòu)造部分之前對(duì)閩南的屋頂形式做了總結(jié),在文章的最后,將視野回歸到整個(gè)屋頂及聚落的屋頂,研究了閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑的屋頂組合。 通過(guò)對(duì)閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑屋架的研究,分析比較了中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑的抬梁式和穿斗式構(gòu)架體系同閩南的插梁式構(gòu)架體系的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適應(yīng)性。并對(duì)閩南特有的增大房間進(jìn)深的方法和出檐的做法進(jìn)行了總結(jié)。通過(guò)對(duì)屋面的研究,分析了閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑屋面的構(gòu)造,著重研究了閩南的桷枝板、陰陽(yáng)坡、算水、屋面裝飾等與中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑不同的地方。通過(guò)對(duì)屋脊的研究,分析了閩南特有的屋脊形式——燕尾脊的設(shè)計(jì)意匠,以及馬背山墻的五行之說(shuō),并總結(jié)了垂脊和戧脊的形態(tài)與裝飾。在對(duì)山墻山花的研究中,分析和總結(jié)了閩南山花的構(gòu)造和裝飾特點(diǎn)。文章最后對(duì)閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑的屋頂組合進(jìn)行了分析。 通過(guò)對(duì)閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑屋頂?shù)难芯?深挖了閩南傳統(tǒng)建筑屋頂?shù)脑O(shè)計(jì)意匠,以期對(duì)現(xiàn)代建筑設(shè)計(jì)提供可以借鑒的設(shè)計(jì)資料、設(shè)計(jì)思想和方法。
[Abstract]:The roof of Chinese traditional architecture is an important part of the traditional architecture. The architectural history of China for thousands of years has integrated the design of roof into the culture and thought of the land of China. Minnan traditional architecture as a branch of Chinese traditional architecture system, her roof artisan contains Minnan culture and ideas. The study on the roof of the traditional architecture in the south of Fujian will be helpful to the study of the architectural culture in the south of Fujian. At the same time, it will also provide some valuable ideas and methods for the modern architectural design of the new Minnan style and even the new Chinese style architectural design in the south of Fujian. In this paper, the roof of the traditional architecture of Minnan is taken as the research object, from the perspective of culture and design method, the author studies the artisan of the roof of the traditional building in the south of Fujian. To study the roof of the traditional architecture in South Fujian is to study its form, construction, practice and design idea. In this paper, the roof is divided into four parts according to the structure. The roof truss, roof, roof ridge and hilltop are divided into four parts. The shape, structure, construction method and design idea of each part are analyzed respectively. At the beginning of the article, the humanistic and geographical environmental factors in South Fujian are introduced. In the end of the article, the vision is returned to the whole roof and the roof of the settlement, and the roof combination of the traditional architecture in the south of Fujian is studied. Based on the study of the roof truss of the traditional building in the south of Fujian, the advantages and disadvantages and adaptability of the lifting beam system and the bucket type frame system of the Chinese traditional building and the inserting beam type frame system of the south of Fujian are analyzed and compared. Finally, it summarizes the method of increasing the depth of the room and the eaves in the south of Fujian. Based on the study of the roof, this paper analyzes the roof structure of the traditional architecture in the south of Fujian, and emphatically studies the differences between the traditional architecture of the south of Fujian and the traditional Chinese architecture, such as the jue branch board, the yin-yang slope, the calculation of water, the roof decoration and so on. Based on the study of roof ridges, this paper analyzes the design of swallowtail ridges, the special form of roof ridges in South Fujian, and the theory of five elements of horse back gables, and summarizes the shape and decoration of vertical ridges and dyke ridges. In the study of the gables, the structure and decoration characteristics of the southern Fujian mountain flowers are analyzed and summarized. Finally, the article analyzes the roof combination of the traditional architecture in South Fujian. Based on the study of the roof of the traditional building in the south of Fujian, the author excavates the design idea of the roof of the traditional building in the south of Fujian in order to provide the design information, design idea and method for reference to the modern architectural design.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廈門大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU231;TU-80

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本文編號(hào)：2316911