【摘要】：給水管網(wǎng)在整個(gè)供水系統(tǒng)中占有重要地位，對(duì)水質(zhì)安全有非常關(guān)鍵的作用。近年來(lái)給水管網(wǎng)的二次污染問(wèn)題吸引了人們?cè)絹?lái)越多的關(guān)注，人們因此提出了水質(zhì)的生物穩(wěn)定性概念�？刂平o水管網(wǎng)內(nèi)的細(xì)菌再生長(zhǎng)對(duì)提高水質(zhì)的生物穩(wěn)定性作用極大。給水管網(wǎng)內(nèi)壁上的生物膜中的微生物可能隨著管段內(nèi)水體水力條件的變化而進(jìn)入到水體，因此，生物膜有如一個(gè)在管網(wǎng)中能夠緩慢釋放微生物的容器。 本文以一座示范性工程管網(wǎng)展開(kāi)研究，從軟件建模開(kāi)始，為了有更好的水力模型作為水質(zhì)研究的基礎(chǔ)，針對(duì)目前供水管網(wǎng)水壓及流量監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)不足的狀況，提出了一種基于廣義偽逆解的供水管網(wǎng)水力狀況實(shí)時(shí)模擬方法。該方法利用管網(wǎng)SCADA系統(tǒng)提供的少量水壓及流量監(jiān)測(cè)值作為欠定非線性水力方程組的輸入量，節(jié)點(diǎn)流量作為方程的輸出量，利用廣義偽逆矩陣解，通過(guò)迭代法構(gòu)造搜索向量，得出非線性水力方程組的解，即節(jié)點(diǎn)需水量。在此基礎(chǔ)上，，計(jì)算出管網(wǎng)中未被監(jiān)測(cè)的節(jié)點(diǎn)水壓和管道流量。將該方法應(yīng)用于我國(guó)南方某鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)供水管網(wǎng)水力狀態(tài)的實(shí)時(shí)模擬，結(jié)果表明，節(jié)點(diǎn)水壓與實(shí)際值吻合較好，該方法可用于供水管網(wǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)不足時(shí)節(jié)點(diǎn)水壓的的實(shí)時(shí)模擬。 為了能更準(zhǔn)確地反映真實(shí)情況下給水管網(wǎng)水中的微生物與余氯的相互作用，在探究給水管網(wǎng)中生物膜對(duì)水質(zhì)的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)采用舊的球墨鑄鐵管與自來(lái)水接觸，水樣經(jīng)過(guò)加氯等處理后進(jìn)行微生物實(shí)驗(yàn)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果較好地反映了余氯量與微生物量的關(guān)系，在與實(shí)際管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果對(duì)比后，有一定的相關(guān)性，能夠結(jié)合起來(lái)反映出給水管網(wǎng)在一年四季中隨著溫度的變化，水質(zhì)的變化情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)還考慮了pH的影響，結(jié)果證明，隨著pH值的降低，給水管網(wǎng)中的微生物含量逐漸減少。該實(shí)驗(yàn)還反映出，春季是管網(wǎng)中微生物生長(zhǎng)較活躍的季節(jié)，應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)水質(zhì)安全防范措施。 在延時(shí)的管網(wǎng)水力模型清晰的情況下，掌握給水管網(wǎng)中水質(zhì)微生物指標(biāo)與余氯指標(biāo)的關(guān)系，借助軟件的模擬結(jié)果，能夠讓我們?cè)谡麄�(gè)管網(wǎng)的層面上認(rèn)識(shí)到水質(zhì)的微生物指標(biāo)情況，對(duì)加強(qiáng)給水管網(wǎng)水質(zhì)管理與加強(qiáng)防范措施有較大的幫助。
[Abstract]:Water supply network plays an important role in the whole water supply system and plays a key role in water quality safety. In recent years, people pay more and more attention to the problem of secondary pollution of water supply network, so people put forward the concept of biological stability of water quality. Controlling bacterial regrowth in water supply networks plays a significant role in improving the biological stability of water quality. The microbes in the biofilm on the inner wall of the water supply network may enter the water body with the change of the hydraulic conditions of the water in the pipe section. Therefore, the biofilm is like a vessel which can release microorganism slowly in the pipe network. In this paper, a model engineering pipe network is studied. Starting from the software modeling, in order to have a better hydraulic model as the basis of water quality research, this paper aims at the shortage of water pressure and discharge monitoring points in the water supply network. A real-time simulation method for hydraulic condition of water supply network based on generalized pseudo-inverse solution is presented. In this method, a small amount of water pressure and flow monitoring value provided by SCADA system of pipe network are used as the input of underdetermined nonlinear hydraulic equations, the node flow is taken as the output of the equation, and the generalized pseudo-inverse matrix solution is used to construct the search vector by iterative method. The solution of nonlinear hydraulic equations, that is, node water demand, is obtained. On this basis, the unmonitored node water pressure and pipe flow in the pipe network are calculated. The method is applied to the real-time simulation of the hydraulic state of a township water supply network in southern China. The results show that the node water pressure is in good agreement with the actual value, and this method can be used to simulate the water pressure of the node when the monitoring points of the water supply network are insufficient. In order to more accurately reflect the interaction between microorganisms and residual chlorine in the water supply network under real conditions, the influence of biofilm on water quality in the water supply network was investigated by using old ductile iron pipe and tap water. Water samples were treated with chlorine and microbiological experiments were carried out. The experimental results reflect the relationship between residual chlorine content and microbial biomass. Compared with the actual water quality test results, there is a certain correlation, which can be combined to reflect the variation of water supply network with temperature in the four seasons of the year. Changes in water quality The effect of pH is also considered in the experiment. The results show that the microbial content in water supply network decreases gradually with the decrease of pH value. The experiment also shows that spring is the most active season for the growth of microbes in pipe networks, and water quality safety precautions should be strengthened. Under the condition that the hydraulic model of the delayed pipe network is clear, the relationship between the microbial index of water quality and the residual chlorine index in the water supply network is grasped, and the simulation results of the software are used. It can make us realize the microbial index of water quality on the whole pipe network level, which is helpful to strengthen water quality management and preventive measures of water supply network.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU991.3

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