【摘要】：本文以海珠濕地果園為研究對象，對果園歷史、現(xiàn)狀和存在的問題等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行探討，并在此基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行果園改造模式、改造要點和改造方案的研究，研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)果如下。 （1）分析改造背景，指出海珠濕地果園改造的迫切性，海珠濕地果園景觀改造屬于都市農(nóng)業(yè)濕地景觀的改造范疇。 （2）梳理了海珠濕地果園的歷史發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，總結(jié)了果園的保護(hù)歷程。果園的歷史悠久，從漢代萌芽，經(jīng)歷魏晉南北朝和唐宋時期的發(fā)展，在明清時期達(dá)到“溪上人家多種樹，荔枝龍眼致豪華”的果園勝景，清末社會動蕩，果園遭到破壞，建國后恢復(fù)發(fā)展，但遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到之前水平。自上個世紀(jì)90年代開始，海珠濕地果園經(jīng)歷了從劃定果樹保護(hù)區(qū)、整頓違法建設(shè)、拆除違章建筑和河涌改造的基礎(chǔ)保護(hù)階段，再到由“租地”建公園到“征地”建海珠湖和濕地公園的全面保護(hù)階段的探索。 （3）查清了海珠濕地果園現(xiàn)狀。在調(diào)查區(qū)域內(nèi)，果樹有11科、14屬、16種，種植數(shù)量最大的果樹是黃皮（Clausena lansium），占調(diào)查總數(shù)的61.8%，，其次是龍眼（Dimocarpus longan）、陽桃（Averrhoa carambola）、荔枝（Litchi chinensis），分別占調(diào)查總數(shù)的19.1%、13.4%、1.7%，其余果樹占4%。果園自然地理條件優(yōu)越，河涌水系豐富，珠江三角洲濕地特征明顯，以河網(wǎng)果基的果林景觀為特色。但是，果園也存在土地被蠶食、生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化、果園生產(chǎn)力衰減、保護(hù)利用階段性與長遠(yuǎn)性相沖突的問題。 （4）針對現(xiàn)狀問題，結(jié)合相關(guān)案例分析，提出堅持依靠自然的力量，通過生態(tài)的控制，輔以人工調(diào)節(jié)，達(dá)致（花）果香有味、樹綠多彩、水清見魚的優(yōu)美農(nóng)業(yè)景象的改造理念，歸納出5種果園改造模式。認(rèn)為用地范圍規(guī)劃、果園植被恢復(fù)、河涌水體改造、道路場地梳理是果園改造的重點。給出了果樹豐富和植物群落構(gòu)建的參考樹種，并針對果園河涌Zn、Cd污染嚴(yán)重的現(xiàn)狀，列舉了15種既能抗污染、又能凈化水質(zhì)的不同類型的水生植物。 （5）進(jìn)行果園景觀改造實踐，研究了上涌果樹公園景觀現(xiàn)狀，并進(jìn)行改造分析，最后提出把公園改造成仲愷——海珠農(nóng)業(yè)科技園的方案。上涌果樹公園濕地植物比較豐富，有43科、63屬、68種，其中果樹9種。采用科普教育改造模式，以國家級農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū)為建設(shè)目標(biāo)，與廣東海珠國家濕地公園相呼應(yīng)共成長，成為廣州市生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的靚麗名片。把公園分成十大功能區(qū)，分別從地形、植被、水體等景觀元素進(jìn)行改造分析，給出了枯樹復(fù)綠、道路景觀優(yōu)化和水體改造的方法。
[Abstract]:Taking Haizhu Wetland Orchard as the research object, this paper discusses the history, present situation and existing problems of the orchard, and on the basis of this, studies the pattern, key points and scheme of the orchard transformation. The research contents and results are as follows. The main contents are as follows: (1) the background of the transformation is analyzed and the urgency of the transformation of Haizhu wetland orchard is pointed out. The transformation of Haizhu wetland orchard landscape belongs to the category of urban agricultural wetland landscape transformation. (2) combing the historical development of Haizhu wetland orchard and summing up the course of orchard protection. The orchard has a long history. From the bud of Han Dynasty, it experienced the development of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern dynasties and Tang and Song dynasties. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it reached the orchards scenic spot of "many trees on the stream and the longan of litchi to be luxurious", the social turbulence in the late Qing Dynasty, and the destruction of the orchard. After the founding of the people's Republic of China resumed development, but far from the previous level. Since the 1990s, Haizhu Wetland Orchard has gone through the basic protection stage, which includes designating fruit tree reserves, rectifying illegal construction, demolishing illegal buildings and rebuilding rivers. Then the exploration of the comprehensive protection stage from "land lease" to "land requisition" to the construction of Haizhu Lake and Wetland Park. (3) the present situation of Haizhu wetland orchard was investigated. In the investigation area, there are 16 species of 11 families, 14 genera and 14 genera of fruit trees. The largest number of fruit trees planted is yellow peel (Clausena lansium), which accounts for 61.8% of the total number of investigated fruit trees, followed by longan (Dimocarpus longan), yangtao (Averrhoa carambola), litchi (Litchi chinensis),. The other fruit trees accounted for 4. 7% of the total. The orchard has superior natural geographical conditions, rich river system and obvious wetland characteristics in the Pearl River Delta, which is characterized by the fruit forest landscape based on the river network. However, orchards also exist the problems of land encroachment, ecological environment deterioration, orchard productivity decay, protection and utilization stages and long term conflict. (4) in view of the present situation, combining with the analysis of relevant cases, it is proposed to insist on relying on the force of nature, through ecological control, with artificial adjustment, to achieve (flower) fruity flavor, green and colorful trees. The transformation idea of beautiful agricultural scene of water and clear fish is summarized, and 5 kinds of orchard transformation modes are concluded. It is considered that land scope planning, orchard vegetation restoration, river water body reconstruction and road site combing are the key points of orchard reconstruction. In this paper, the reference tree species for fruit tree richness and plant community construction are given. In view of the serious Zn,Cd pollution in the river bore in the orchard, 15 different types of aquatic plants which can resist pollution and purify water quality are listed. (5) carry on the orchard landscape transformation practice, studied the landscape present situation of the fruit tree park in Shangyong, and carried on the transformation analysis, finally put forward the plan of transforming the park into Zhongkai-Haizhu agricultural science and technology park. There are 68 species in 63 genera of 43 families in Shangyong Fruit Tree Park, 9 of which are fruit trees. Adopting the reform mode of popular science education, taking the national agricultural science and technology park as the construction target, and growing up with Guangdong Haizhu National Wetland Park, it has become the beautiful business card of the ecological civilization construction of Guangzhou. The park was divided into ten functional areas. The landscape elements such as topography, vegetation and water were transformed and analyzed, and the methods of restoration of dead trees, optimization of road landscape and water body were given.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU986.5

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