【摘要】：隨著資源日益匱乏及大量固體污染廢棄物的產(chǎn)生，如何降低建筑能耗、提高建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并實(shí)現(xiàn)廢棄資源再利用，已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話題。隨著建筑節(jié)能的深入，現(xiàn)有的普通蒸壓加氣混凝土已經(jīng)很難滿足65%的建筑節(jié)能標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，這也為自保溫型加氣混凝土砌塊的研究提供了廣闊空間。 自保溫型加氣混凝土砌塊即通過對(duì)現(xiàn)有的低端加氣混凝土進(jìn)行技術(shù)升級(jí)，所制備的低容重、高強(qiáng)度及低導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的高性能加氣混凝土。由該新型建筑材料所砌筑的外墻建筑體系可在不依托其它保溫材料的基礎(chǔ)上，，達(dá)到建筑節(jié)能65%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 本文以礦渣微粉、水泥及油頁巖灰為主要原材料制備B03級(jí)自保溫型加氣混凝土砌塊。本試驗(yàn)通過研究原材料對(duì)蒸壓加氣混凝土性能的影響，并結(jié)合正交試驗(yàn)分析結(jié)果確定了主要原材料的配合比。在此基礎(chǔ)上，本文還采用不同的激發(fā)處理方式來優(yōu)化其性能，并結(jié)合SEM掃描電鏡照片、XRD圖譜和導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)測(cè)定等手段，研究分析了相關(guān)的激發(fā)機(jī)理及其對(duì)加氣混凝土微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、水化產(chǎn)物、強(qiáng)度和導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的影響。 研究成果如下： 1、本文所用的礦渣微粉是一種活性較高的礦物，其28d活性指數(shù)可達(dá)95%。油頁巖灰為主要的硅質(zhì)材料，可為水熱合成反應(yīng)提供充足的SiO2，生成有利于加氣混凝土強(qiáng)度提高的水化硅酸鈣等水化產(chǎn)物。適量摻入礦渣微粉和油頁巖灰可顯著改善坯體和加氣混凝土的性能。 2、通過正交試驗(yàn)研究確定了較優(yōu)的原材料配合比及主要工藝參數(shù)：油頁巖灰35%，礦渣微粉25%，水泥40%，料漿溫度35℃，雙氧水4.0%，水料比0.60，穩(wěn)泡劑A0.09%。 3、通過機(jī)械粉磨的方式對(duì)油頁巖灰進(jìn)行磨細(xì)處理，可有效改善物料的顆粒級(jí)配并激發(fā)其活性，顯著提高加氣混凝土的性能。研究表明，油頁巖灰較適宜的機(jī)械粉磨時(shí)間為20min。 4、本文對(duì)比研究了三乙醇胺、硫酸鈉和硅酸鈉三種化學(xué)激發(fā)劑對(duì)加氣混凝土性能的影響，其激發(fā)效果次序：硅酸鈉硫酸鈉三乙醇胺。其中，硅酸鈉化學(xué)外加劑對(duì)加氣混凝土性能的影響最顯著，而且，它還具有穩(wěn)定雙氧水的作用，可有效降低坯體的發(fā)氣膨脹速率，優(yōu)化孔結(jié)構(gòu)。 5、本文對(duì)比研究了天然石膏、氟石膏和磷石膏三種礦物外加劑對(duì)加氣混凝土性能的影響。氟石膏和磷石膏對(duì)加氣混凝土的激發(fā)效果與天然石膏相似，其中磷石膏的激發(fā)效果最好。 6、采用物理激發(fā)與摻加礦物外加劑相結(jié)合的方式所制備自保溫型加氣混凝土砌塊的各性能較優(yōu)：容重282kg/m3，抗壓強(qiáng)度1.52MPa，導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)0.0779W/(m·K)。 7、本文對(duì)廢棄加氣混凝土砌塊的基本性質(zhì)及其應(yīng)用于加氣混凝土的可行性進(jìn)行了研究，通過對(duì)比試驗(yàn)考查了其對(duì)加氣混凝土性能的影響，為廢砌塊的資源化再利用提供了一定的參考數(shù)據(jù)。研究表明，適量的廢砌塊可起到晶種的作用，促進(jìn)水熱合成反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行，在一定程度上有利于材料性能的提高。
[Abstract]:With the increasing shortage of resources and the production of a large number of solid pollution wastes, how to reduce building energy consumption, improve building energy conservation standards and realize the reuse of waste resources has become a hot topic. With the development of building energy saving, it is difficult for the existing ordinary autoclaved aerated concrete to meet the 65% building energy saving standard, which also provides a wide space for the study of self-insulating aerated concrete blocks. The self-insulating aerated concrete block is the high performance aerated concrete with low bulk density, high strength and low thermal conductivity by upgrading the existing low-end aerated concrete. The building system built by this new building material can reach the standard of building energy saving 65% without relying on other thermal insulation materials. In this paper, B03 self-insulating aerated concrete block is prepared by using slag powder, cement and oil shale ash as main raw materials. The effect of raw materials on the properties of autoclaved aerated concrete was studied, and the mix ratio of main raw materials was determined by combining with the results of orthogonal test. On this basis, different excitation methods are adopted to optimize its performance. Combining with SEM scanning electron microscope photos, XRD spectra and thermal conductivity measurement, the related excitation mechanism and microstructure of aerated concrete are studied and analyzed. Effects of hydration products, strength and thermal conductivity. The results are as follows: 1. The slag powder used in this paper is a mineral with high activity, and its activity index can reach 95% in 28 days. Oil shale ash is the main siliceous material, which can provide sufficient SiO2, for hydrothermal synthesis to produce hydrated products such as calcium silicate hydrated to improve the strength of aerated concrete. Proper addition of slag powder and oil shale ash can improve the properties of billet and aerated concrete. 2. Through the orthogonal test, the optimum mix ratio of raw materials and main technological parameters were determined: oil shale ash 35, slag powder 25, cement 40, slurry temperature 35 鈩

本文編號(hào)：2295095