【摘要】：目前關(guān)于熱舒適的研究大多數(shù)都還是針對(duì)活動(dòng)水平較低（靜坐）的室內(nèi)環(huán)境展開的，而實(shí)際生活中辦公建筑內(nèi)的居住者并非一直處于靜坐狀態(tài)。同時(shí)，在某些建筑中，如商場、娛樂、車站、候機(jī)廳等，人群處于活動(dòng)水平較高且變化頻繁的狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)有的熱舒適研究成果在這些情況下的適用性受到不同程度的限制。其主要原因是在較高活動(dòng)水平下，人體的產(chǎn)熱和換熱等過程與靜坐時(shí)具有較大的差異，常用的熱感覺評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)和預(yù)測模型等均出現(xiàn)了評(píng)價(jià)不合理或預(yù)測值出現(xiàn)較大偏差的現(xiàn)象。因此，在較高活動(dòng)水平下進(jìn)行的人體熱舒適研究，就不能盲目遵循以往的在靜態(tài)活動(dòng)水平下得出的結(jié)論，而應(yīng)該重視活動(dòng)水平的變化帶來的影響。 為了找出在較高活動(dòng)水平下人體對(duì)外界刺激的生理和心理響應(yīng)特性，研究活動(dòng)水平對(duì)人體熱感覺的影響，利用實(shí)驗(yàn)研究與問卷調(diào)查相結(jié)合的手段，通過數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)和生理理論分析的方法，研究了中性及偏涼溫度環(huán)境下活動(dòng)水平對(duì)人體熱感覺的影響。通過對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的分析，主要得出以下結(jié)論： 1）當(dāng)人體處于較高活動(dòng)水平狀態(tài)時(shí)，皮膚溫度不再能準(zhǔn)確表征人體的熱感覺。在活動(dòng)水平突變后的一段時(shí)間里，皮膚溫度不能準(zhǔn)確表征人體的熱感覺，二者出現(xiàn)了相“分離”的現(xiàn)象，這跟人體處于靜態(tài)時(shí)的研究所得出的結(jié)論不同。活動(dòng)水平的變動(dòng)愈頻繁，，平均皮溫愈難以準(zhǔn)確表征人體熱感覺的變化。 2）對(duì)于同等的活動(dòng)水平的組合及相同的持續(xù)時(shí)間，人體熱感覺對(duì)活動(dòng)水平的漸變減弱比活動(dòng)水平的漸變?cè)鰪?qiáng)更敏感。 3）活動(dòng)水平對(duì)人體熱感覺的影響隨著環(huán)境溫度的變化而有所不同，具體表現(xiàn)為環(huán)境溫度愈高，活動(dòng)水平對(duì)人體熱感覺的影響愈小；反之環(huán)境溫度愈低，活動(dòng)水平對(duì)人體熱感覺的影響愈大。 4）人體處于非靜態(tài)行為特別是較高活動(dòng)水平時(shí)，PMV模型不再能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)測人體的熱感覺，預(yù)測值與實(shí)測值的差距隨活動(dòng)量的增加而增加。
[Abstract]:At present, most of the researches on thermal comfort are aimed at the indoor environment with low level of activity (sit-in), but the occupants of office buildings are not always in the state of sit-in real life. At the same time, in some buildings, such as shopping mall, entertainment, station, terminal and so on, the crowd is in the state of high level of activity and frequent changes. The main reason is that the processes of heat production and heat transfer of human body are different from those of sitting at a higher activity level, and the evaluation indexes and prediction models of thermal sensation in common use appear unreasonable evaluation or large deviation of prediction value. Therefore, the study of human body thermal comfort at a higher activity level should not blindly follow the previous conclusions reached under the static activity level, but should pay attention to the influence brought by the change of the activity level. In order to find out the physiological and psychological response characteristics of human body to external stimuli at a higher level of activity and to study the effect of activity level on human body thermal sensation, the method of combining experimental research with questionnaire survey was used. By means of mathematical statistics and physiological theory analysis, the effect of activity level on human body thermal sensation under neutral and cool temperature was studied. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) when the human body is in a high level of activity, the skin temperature can no longer accurately represent the human body's thermal sensation. In a period of time after the activity level mutation, the skin temperature can not accurately represent the human body's thermal sensation, the two appear the phenomenon of phase "separation", which is different from the conclusion that the human body is in static state. The more frequent changes in activity levels, the more difficult it is for the average skin temperature to accurately characterize changes in the body's thermal sensation. 2) for the same combination of activity levels and the same duration, Thermal sensation is more sensitive to gradual weakening of activity level than gradual increase of activity level. 3) the effect of activity level on human body thermal sensation varies with the change of environmental temperature, the more the environmental temperature is, the higher the environmental temperature is. The effect of activity level on human thermal sensation is smaller, whereas the environmental temperature is lower, The greater the effect of activity level on thermal sensation of human body. 4) when the human body is in non-static behavior, especially at a higher level of activity, the PMV model can no longer accurately predict the thermal sensation of human body. The difference between the predicted value and the measured value increases with the increase of activity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU111

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