【摘要】：我國是世界上地質(zhì)災(zāi)害最為嚴(yán)重的國家之一。錨桿支護技術(shù)具有充分調(diào)動巖土體強度、減輕結(jié)構(gòu)物自重以及節(jié)約工程材料等優(yōu)點，近年來已逐漸發(fā)展為地質(zhì)災(zāi)害預(yù)防與治理的主要技術(shù)手段，在邊坡、基坑以及隧道等巖土工程領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。但是，由于加固對象和工作環(huán)境的復(fù)雜性，至今錨桿支護原理仍沒有形成一個統(tǒng)一和全面的認(rèn)識，對于復(fù)雜條件下錨桿的應(yīng)力分布與傳遞規(guī)律以及檢測與監(jiān)測技術(shù)等問題亟需更為深入的研究。本文采用理論分析、試驗實測以及工程應(yīng)用相結(jié)合的方法，圍繞錨桿拉拔荷載傳遞與內(nèi)嵌光纖傳感的全尺度監(jiān)測驗證展開了較系統(tǒng)研究，主要內(nèi)容包括： 首先，考慮界面非線性特性，從錨桿荷載位移的指數(shù)曲線關(guān)系出發(fā)，建立了錨固界面的曲線剪切滑移模型；采用荷載傳遞函數(shù)法推導(dǎo)了張拉荷載作用下錨桿的荷載傳遞解析解，并通過室內(nèi)和現(xiàn)場實測錨桿拉拔試驗數(shù)據(jù)進行了驗證，對錨桿拉拔受力特征進行了分析。 其次，考慮界面殘余剪切強度影響，進一步拓展了錨固界面的曲線剪切滑移模型，利用切比雪夫多項式推導(dǎo)了該模型下錨桿的荷載傳遞解析解，分析了不同殘余剪切強度條件下錨桿的拉拔受力特征，并通過實測數(shù)據(jù)對模型和荷載傳遞解答進行了驗證。 第三，考慮巖土局部脫空不連續(xù)特征，結(jié)合上述建立的曲線剪切滑移模型及分析方法，構(gòu)建了局部脫空巖土錨桿錨固段的拉拔荷載傳遞解答，對局部脫空巖土錨桿錨固段的拉拔荷載傳遞特征進行了探討，分析了局部脫空參數(shù)對錨桿錨固段拉拔荷載傳遞特征的影響。 最后，針對實際工程錨桿拉拔受力長期測試的全尺度監(jiān)測需求，在闡述光纖傳感技術(shù)原理的基礎(chǔ)上，研制了系列內(nèi)嵌光纖FRP智能錨桿，并對其制備工藝進行了探討；基于研制的智能錨桿，對均質(zhì)和局部脫空巖土錨桿的受力特征進行了拉拔試驗研究，分析了上述工況智能錨桿的應(yīng)力分布和界面損傷特征，探討了智能錨桿對應(yīng)力分布和界面損傷的全尺度監(jiān)測性能，并對比分析了智能錨桿的全尺度監(jiān)測與理論計算結(jié)果，驗證了智能錨桿的全尺度監(jiān)測性能和解析解的有效性。在此基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合某邊坡工程的實際監(jiān)測需求，采用內(nèi)嵌光纖FRP智能錨桿對邊坡加固錨桿的應(yīng)力狀態(tài)進行了監(jiān)測，獲得了邊坡錨桿的應(yīng)力分布特征和演化規(guī)律，，驗證了智能錨桿在實際工程中應(yīng)用的有效性和可靠性。
[Abstract]:China is one of the most serious geological disasters in the world. Bolt support technology has the advantages of fully mobilizing the strength of rock and soil mass, reducing the weight of structure and saving engineering materials. In recent years, it has gradually developed into the main technical means of geological disaster prevention and control in slope. The field of geotechnical engineering, such as foundation pit and tunnel, has been widely used. However, due to the complexity of reinforcement objects and working environment, the principle of bolting has not yet formed a unified and comprehensive understanding. It is necessary to study the stress distribution and transfer law, detection and monitoring technology of anchor rod under complex conditions. In this paper, theoretical analysis, experimental measurement and engineering application are used to study systematically the full-scale monitoring and verification of anchor pull load transfer and embedded fiber optic sensing. The main contents are as follows: first, Considering the nonlinear characteristics of the interface, starting from the exponential curve relation of the load displacement of the anchor rod, the curve shear slip model of the anchor interface is established, and the analytical solution of the load transfer of the anchor rod under tension load is derived by using the load transfer function method. The results are verified by indoor and field test data, and the mechanical characteristics of bolt drawing are analyzed. Secondly, considering the influence of interfacial residual shear strength, the curve shear slip model of Anchorage interface is further extended, and the analytical solution of load transfer of anchor rod under the model is derived by Chebyshev polynomial. In this paper, the tensile force characteristics of anchor rod under different residual shear strength are analyzed, and the model and load transfer solution are verified by measured data. Thirdly, considering the discontinuous characteristics of local detachment of rock and soil, combined with the curve shear slip model established above and the analytical method, the drawing load transfer solution of the anchoring section of local detachment rock and soil is constructed. In this paper, the characteristics of pull-out load transfer in anchoring section of rock and soil anchors are discussed, and the influence of local detachment parameters on the load transfer characteristics of anchoring section is analyzed. Finally, according to the requirement of full-scale monitoring for long-term testing of pulling force of practical engineering anchor, a series of embedded optical fiber FRP intelligent anchors are developed on the basis of explaining the principle of optical fiber sensing technology, and the preparation process is discussed. Based on the developed intelligent anchor rod, the stress distribution and interface damage characteristics of the intelligent anchor rod under the above conditions are analyzed by drawing test and research on the mechanical characteristics of the homogeneous and partially detached rock and soil anchors. The full-scale monitoring performance of intelligent anchor to stress distribution and interface damage is discussed. The results of full-scale monitoring and theoretical calculation of intelligent anchor are compared and analyzed. The effectiveness of the analytical solution and the full-scale monitoring performance of intelligent anchor are verified. On this basis, combined with the actual monitoring requirements of a slope engineering, the stress state of the slope reinforced anchor is monitored by embedded optical fiber FRP intelligent anchor, and the stress distribution characteristics and evolution law of the slope anchor are obtained. The validity and reliability of the application of intelligent bolt in practical engineering are verified.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU476

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