水對(duì)于漢口城市形態(tài)的影響及其作用機(jī)制研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-05 20:20
【摘要】：武漢素有“江城”之美譽(yù)，長(zhǎng)江與漢水對(duì)城市的意義不言而喻，尤其是位于城市西北側(cè)的漢口，與兩江的關(guān)系更為密切，加之境內(nèi)密布的湖泊水網(wǎng)，城市的自然格局為其創(chuàng)造了無與倫比的地理?xiàng)l件和區(qū)位優(yōu)勢(shì)。因此可將“水”作為理解漢口城市產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展及形態(tài)演變的一個(gè)重要線索，尋找水運(yùn)、水患、城市形態(tài)與市政建設(shè)等方面的關(guān)聯(lián)性。 本文主要以與水相關(guān)的漢口城市形態(tài)之演變過程作為研究對(duì)象，對(duì)1640—1949年間漢口城市形態(tài)進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間段的縱向動(dòng)態(tài)考察，通過文獻(xiàn)分析法與歷史地圖對(duì)比分析法，考察了城市邊界、道路結(jié)構(gòu)、地塊劃分、城市外部空間、建筑形態(tài)等各要素與水的關(guān)系，并根據(jù)水的不同屬性，從江河湖水、水運(yùn)、水患、水利等四個(gè)方面，對(duì)漢口城市形態(tài)在時(shí)間與空間上的演變進(jìn)行分析與梳理。 首先，江河湖水創(chuàng)造了漢口城市格局的雛形，明成化年間漢水改道直接導(dǎo)致了漢口的誕生，兩江的走向確定了城市線性發(fā)展方向，并形成“魚刺型”街道空間，此外也導(dǎo)致了蘆棚、墩臺(tái)建筑及吊腳樓等濱水建筑形式的出現(xiàn)。其次，優(yōu)越的地理位置和水運(yùn)條件使得漢口在明清時(shí)期一躍成為中國(guó)“四大名鎮(zhèn)”之首，并在開埠后憑借其獨(dú)特的轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易，始終保持著突出的經(jīng)濟(jì)地位。漢口城市形態(tài)在水運(yùn)經(jīng)濟(jì)的刺激下逐漸開始由沿河轉(zhuǎn)為沿江發(fā)展，，碼頭的生長(zhǎng)、道路系統(tǒng)及地塊的演化均能反映這一過程；此外，租界區(qū)的建設(shè)亦為漢口帶來了先進(jìn)的近代城市規(guī)劃理論，也加速了漢口城市近代化步伐。第三，與水過度親密的關(guān)系使得漢口飽受水患之苦，城市堤防設(shè)施不僅保障了漢口的安全，也無形中作為城市邊界反映了漢口城市發(fā)展的線索，并引發(fā)了城市從“滄�！钡健吧Ｌ铩钡难葑冞^程；此外，特大洪澇災(zāi)害還可視為重大城市事件對(duì)漢口城市以毀滅性打擊，漢口的城市形態(tài)也得以在災(zāi)后重新建立。最后，漢口城市近代化也在“水利”方面有所體現(xiàn)，自來水的出現(xiàn)極大便利了漢口市民生活用水方式，消防系統(tǒng)與排水系統(tǒng)的近代化也在一定程度上改善了漢口的城市面貌。 漢口城市形態(tài)演化的長(zhǎng)時(shí)間段考察表明，水是影響其城市形態(tài)的重要因素，是城市產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型與社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型的必要條件，水對(duì)早期漢口的城市形態(tài)產(chǎn)生了決定性影響，并長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)嵌于城市肌理之中，同時(shí)也將對(duì)新的城市形態(tài)產(chǎn)生影響。近年來武漢市大力推行的“引江入湖”、“兩江四岸”、“三鎮(zhèn)三片湖區(qū)”等政策均體現(xiàn)了“水”對(duì)城市形態(tài)的持續(xù)性影響，而本文為此也提供了一定的歷史與理論支持。
[Abstract]:Wuhan is known as a "river city". The significance of the Yangtze River and the Han River to the city is self-evident, especially in Hankou, which is located on the northwest side of the city, and is more closely related to the two rivers. The natural pattern of the city creates unparalleled geographical conditions and geographical advantages. Therefore, "water" can be regarded as an important clue to understand the development and evolution of urban industry in Hankou, and the relationship between water transportation, flood, urban form and municipal construction can be found. In this paper, the evolvement process of the urban form of Hankou, which is related to water, is taken as the research object, and the longitudinal dynamic investigation of the urban form of Hankou from 1640 to 1949 is carried out for a long period of time, and the literature analysis method and the historical map comparative analysis method are adopted. The relationship between urban boundary, road structure, plot division, urban outer space, architectural form and water is investigated. According to the different properties of water, the relationship between river and lake water, water transportation, flood and water conservancy is discussed. This paper analyzes and combs the evolution of urban form in time and space in Hankou. First, the rivers and lakes created the embryonic form of the urban pattern in Hankou. During the Ming Dynasty, the diversion of the Han River led directly to the birth of Hankou. The direction of the two rivers determined the direction of the city's linear development and formed a "fish-prickly" street space. In addition, it also led to the appearance of waterfront buildings such as Reed shed, piers and abutments, etc. Secondly, the superior geographical location and water transportation conditions made Hankou become the first of the "four famous towns" in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and with its unique entrepot trade, Hankou always maintained a prominent economic position after the opening of the port. Under the stimulation of water transportation economy, the urban form of Hankou gradually began to change from river to river. The growth of wharf, the evolution of road system and land block can reflect this process. The construction of concession area has also brought advanced modern urban planning theory to Hankou and accelerated the pace of urban modernization in Hankou. Third, the close relationship with the water makes Hankou suffer from the flood. The urban levees not only guarantee the safety of Hankou, but also invisibly reflect the clue of Hankou's urban development as a city boundary. In addition, the catastrophic flood disaster can also be regarded as a devastating attack on Hankou city, and the urban form of Hankou can also be re-established after the disaster. Finally, the modernization of Hankou city is also reflected in the aspect of "water conservancy". The appearance of tap water greatly facilitates the consumption of water for the residents of Hankou, and the modernization of fire control system and drainage system also improves the urban outlook of Hankou to a certain extent. A long period of investigation into the evolution of urban morphology in Hankou shows that water is an important factor affecting the urban form and a necessary condition for the transformation of urban industry and society, and water has a decisive effect on the urban morphology of Hankou in the early period. And long-term embedded in the city texture, will also have an impact on the new urban form. In recent years, the policies of "leading rivers into lakes", "two rivers and four banks" and "three towns and three lakes" carried out vigorously in Wuhan City have reflected the sustained influence of "water" on the urban morphology, and this paper also provides some historical and theoretical support for this.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.2
[Abstract]:Wuhan is known as a "river city". The significance of the Yangtze River and the Han River to the city is self-evident, especially in Hankou, which is located on the northwest side of the city, and is more closely related to the two rivers. The natural pattern of the city creates unparalleled geographical conditions and geographical advantages. Therefore, "water" can be regarded as an important clue to understand the development and evolution of urban industry in Hankou, and the relationship between water transportation, flood, urban form and municipal construction can be found. In this paper, the evolvement process of the urban form of Hankou, which is related to water, is taken as the research object, and the longitudinal dynamic investigation of the urban form of Hankou from 1640 to 1949 is carried out for a long period of time, and the literature analysis method and the historical map comparative analysis method are adopted. The relationship between urban boundary, road structure, plot division, urban outer space, architectural form and water is investigated. According to the different properties of water, the relationship between river and lake water, water transportation, flood and water conservancy is discussed. This paper analyzes and combs the evolution of urban form in time and space in Hankou. First, the rivers and lakes created the embryonic form of the urban pattern in Hankou. During the Ming Dynasty, the diversion of the Han River led directly to the birth of Hankou. The direction of the two rivers determined the direction of the city's linear development and formed a "fish-prickly" street space. In addition, it also led to the appearance of waterfront buildings such as Reed shed, piers and abutments, etc. Secondly, the superior geographical location and water transportation conditions made Hankou become the first of the "four famous towns" in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and with its unique entrepot trade, Hankou always maintained a prominent economic position after the opening of the port. Under the stimulation of water transportation economy, the urban form of Hankou gradually began to change from river to river. The growth of wharf, the evolution of road system and land block can reflect this process. The construction of concession area has also brought advanced modern urban planning theory to Hankou and accelerated the pace of urban modernization in Hankou. Third, the close relationship with the water makes Hankou suffer from the flood. The urban levees not only guarantee the safety of Hankou, but also invisibly reflect the clue of Hankou's urban development as a city boundary. In addition, the catastrophic flood disaster can also be regarded as a devastating attack on Hankou city, and the urban form of Hankou can also be re-established after the disaster. Finally, the modernization of Hankou city is also reflected in the aspect of "water conservancy". The appearance of tap water greatly facilitates the consumption of water for the residents of Hankou, and the modernization of fire control system and drainage system also improves the urban outlook of Hankou to a certain extent. A long period of investigation into the evolution of urban morphology in Hankou shows that water is an important factor affecting the urban form and a necessary condition for the transformation of urban industry and society, and water has a decisive effect on the urban morphology of Hankou in the early period. And long-term embedded in the city texture, will also have an impact on the new urban form. In recent years, the policies of "leading rivers into lakes", "two rivers and four banks" and "three towns and three lakes" carried out vigorously in Wuhan City have reflected the sustained influence of "water" on the urban morphology, and this paper also provides some historical and theoretical support for this.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.2
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2 ;建設(shè)形神兼?zhèn)涞某鞘屑覉@——文化部部長(zhǎng)孫家正在城市文化國(guó)際研討會(huì)上演講摘選[J];建筑與文化;2007年08期
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