【摘要】：隨著我國銻工業(yè)的不斷發(fā)展,銻的使用在我國呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,目前我國的銻工業(yè)發(fā)展方式為粗放型非可持續(xù)發(fā)展,因此銻污染問題也成為現(xiàn)代的重金屬污染方面的熱點(diǎn)問題。銻污染主要分布于空氣、土壤和水體中,人們通過飲水、呼吸、食品等各種途徑接觸到環(huán)境中的銻。銻主要是對人體的皮膚、內(nèi)臟以及呼吸道等有一定的損害。考慮到銻對人體的毒害和致癌性,許多國家對銻都制定了嚴(yán)格的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。我國生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定生活飲用水中銻的含量不得超過5μg/L。 本課題利用共沉淀-超濾去除原水中微量的重金屬Sb。研究首先比較了各種鐵、鋁共沉劑的除銻效果。結(jié)果表明鐵銻共沉劑的除銻效果要明顯好于鋁銻共沉劑,實(shí)驗(yàn)還研究了各種影響因素對共沉淀-超濾除銻的效果影響(如攪拌時(shí)間、pH值、溫度等),經(jīng)共沉淀后的溶液取其上清液再經(jīng)超濾處理,其出水中銻的濃度能夠滿足標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。最后還對超濾膜的污染機(jī)理與清洗方法進(jìn)行了分析研究。 本課題利用共沉淀—超濾工藝去除銻的主要機(jī)理是：共沉劑的水解沉淀產(chǎn)物通過表面吸附、包藏(吸留)和生成混晶成固溶液等作用,在水中與銻酸根及其它銻離子發(fā)生共沉淀,而后未被沉淀去除的一部分無定形沉淀、膠體或大分子溶質(zhì)等被超濾膜篩分截留。本課題還分析了幾個(gè)影響因素對除銻效果的影響：(1)共沉劑投加量：共沉劑投量對共沉淀-超濾工藝除銻的影響,隨著共沉劑投加量的增加,對銻的去除率逐漸增大,當(dāng)原水中的氯化鐵投加量為10mg/L時(shí),對原水中銻的去除率達(dá)到86.74%,取沉淀上清液經(jīng)超濾膜后,銻的去除率為96.96%,此后再增加共沉劑的投加量,銻的去除率沒有明顯的提高。(2)攪拌時(shí)間,攪拌時(shí)間的長短對除銻效果的影響主要取決于沉淀形成時(shí)吸附雜質(zhì)離子所需要的時(shí)間,攪拌時(shí)間不夠沉淀還沒有形成；從而影響除銻的去除率。攪拌時(shí)間過長,則會形成沉淀陳化現(xiàn)象,同樣影響銻的去除率。試驗(yàn)確定最佳攪拌時(shí)間為5～10min。(3)pH值,原水的pH值對共沉淀—超濾工藝除銻的效果有顯著影響,最終確定在中性條件(pH6～8)是共沉淀—超濾工藝除銻的最佳pH范圍,在此范圍內(nèi)對銻的去除率達(dá)95%以上。(4)溫度,本試驗(yàn)溫度對除銻效果影響很小,在溫度為30度左右其除銻效果最佳,在室溫20度左右時(shí),對原水中的銻的去除率能達(dá)到95%以上。不過研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)在低水溫的條件下,除銻效果良好,但是膜污染嚴(yán)重,所以得出水溫是膜污染的重要影響因素之一。 動(dòng)態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)表明：在連續(xù)進(jìn)水的條件下,調(diào)節(jié)原水進(jìn)水濁度,測得出水濁度及銻濃度值均能符合飲用水要求,共沉淀-超濾工藝除銻效果顯著,此工藝對含銻微污染原水的治理方面有較好的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of antimony industry in our country, the use of antimony is on the rise in our country. At present, the mode of development of antimony industry in our country is extensive non-sustainable development, so the problem of antimony pollution has also become a hot issue in the field of heavy metal pollution in modern times. Antimony pollution is mainly distributed in air, soil and water. People come into contact with antimony in the environment by drinking water, breathing and food. Antimony is mainly to the human skin, viscera and respiratory tract damage to a certain extent. Considering the toxicity and carcinogenicity of antimony, many countries have set strict environmental standards for antimony. The sanitary standard for drinking water in China stipulates that the antimony content in drinking water shall not exceed 5 渭 g / L. Removal of trace heavy metal Sb. from raw water by coprecipitation-ultrafiltration The antimony removal effects of various iron and aluminum co-precipitators were compared. The results show that the antimony removal effect of iron antimony co-precipitation agent is better than that of aluminum antimony co-precipitation agent. The effect of various factors on antimony removal by coprecipitation-ultrafiltration (such as stirring time, pH value) is also studied. The concentration of antimony in the effluent can meet the standard requirement when the supernatant is taken from the solution after coprecipitation and then treated by ultrafiltration. Finally, the fouling mechanism and cleaning method of UF membrane were analyzed and studied. The main mechanism of antimony removal by coprecipitation-ultrafiltration process is that the hydrolytic precipitation product of coprecipitation agent is adsorbed by surface, encapsulated (retained) and formed mixed crystal solid solution, etc. A part of amorphous precipitate was precipitated with antimony and other antimony ions in water, and the colloid or macromolecular solute was cut off by ultrafiltration membrane. The effects of several factors on antimony removal are also analyzed: (1) the amount of co-precipitation agent: the effect of the amount of co-precipitation agent on antimony removal by coprecipitation-ultrafiltration process, with the increase of the amount of co-precipitation agent, the removal rate of antimony increases gradually. When the amount of ferric chloride in raw water is 10mg/L, the removal rate of antimony in raw water reaches 86.74. The removal rate of antimony is 96.96 when the precipitation supernatant is taken from the supernatant through ultrafiltration membrane, and the removal rate of antimony is not obviously increased when the amount of co-precipitation agent is increased afterwards. (2) stirring time, The effect of stirring time on antimony removal is mainly determined by the time required to adsorb impurity ions at the time of precipitation formation, but the stirring time is not enough to precipitate, thus affecting the removal rate of antimony. If the stirring time is too long, the precipitation and aging will be formed, and the removal rate of antimony will also be affected. The optimum stirring time is 5 ~ 10 min. (3) pH value. The pH value of raw water has a significant influence on the antimony removal effect of coprecipitation-ultrafiltration process. Finally, it is determined that the best pH range of antimony removal in coprecipitation-ultrafiltration process is under neutral conditions (pH6~8). In this range, the removal rate of antimony is over 95%. (4) the temperature has little influence on the antimony removal effect. The antimony removal efficiency is the best when the temperature is about 30 degrees, and the removal rate of antimony in the original water can reach more than 95% when the temperature is about 20 degrees. However, it is also found that the antimony removal effect is good under the condition of low water temperature, but the membrane fouling is serious, so the water temperature is one of the important influencing factors of membrane fouling. The dynamic experiments show that under the condition of continuous influent, the turbidity of raw water and the concentration of antimony can meet the requirements of drinking water, and the antimony removal effect of coprecipitation-ultrafiltration process is remarkable. This process has a good application prospect in the treatment of raw water containing antimony.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.2

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