【摘要】：自2009年哥本哈根會議上我國政府承諾到2020年，單位DGP的CO2排放量比2005年降低40%~45%以來，，節(jié)能減排成為我國建筑業(yè)的“十二五”發(fā)展目標(biāo)。目前我國低碳建筑的發(fā)展存在諸多問題，主要表現(xiàn)在國家政策、建筑碳排放核算方法和低碳建筑評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三個層面：低碳建筑概念不清導(dǎo)致低碳建筑設(shè)計結(jié)果分散；政府管理者缺乏有效工具客觀評估建筑的碳排放水平，無法實施財稅獎勵政策以及建立碳交易市場；投資者利益驅(qū)動不足，無法從低碳建筑投資中獲得應(yīng)有回報；業(yè)主對低碳建筑沒有切身感受，無法通過權(quán)威的認(rèn)證標(biāo)簽識別低碳建筑產(chǎn)品。因此，我國亟需建立科學(xué)合理的低碳建筑評價體系，為各方?jīng)Q策提供客觀的依據(jù)。 文章系統(tǒng)梳理并比較了國內(nèi)外六個典型低碳建筑評價體系的主要特征、評價對象、評價工具、指標(biāo)體系、分值構(gòu)成、權(quán)重系統(tǒng)、評估流程和評價結(jié)果，指出我國低碳建筑評價體系現(xiàn)存的共性問題：實施過程缺乏政府政策引導(dǎo)；評價對象范圍有限；評價指標(biāo)缺乏明確詳細的核算方法；沒有建立綜合打分體系；沒有建立獨立權(quán)重系統(tǒng)；評價結(jié)果的輸出形式過于抽象。繼而，從現(xiàn)存問題的三個關(guān)鍵角度有針對性的研究了建筑碳足跡、指標(biāo)基準(zhǔn)和評價體系權(quán)重系統(tǒng)，提出了適合我國國情的確定方法與技術(shù)路線。在此基礎(chǔ)上，建立起建筑環(huán)境性能綜合評價體系框架的理論模型，明確了評價體系基本特征、系統(tǒng)規(guī)則、系統(tǒng)要素和評價工具群的內(nèi)在邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)。 在建筑環(huán)境性能綜合評價體系框架理論模型的指導(dǎo)下，以我國《綠色建筑評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》為研究基礎(chǔ)，以完善我國綠色建筑評價體系碳排放性能評價視域為目標(biāo)，構(gòu)建整合碳排放評價的中國綠色建筑評價體系框架，針對天津地區(qū)住宅/辦公建筑特點，進行了評價子系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)。探討了建筑碳排放評價指標(biāo)項、數(shù)學(xué)模型、指標(biāo)基準(zhǔn)、權(quán)重因子、評級基準(zhǔn)和評價結(jié)果表達方式，制定了天津地區(qū)新建辦公建筑特征標(biāo)簽工具打分表，并開發(fā)了便于用戶自評價的軟件工具及建筑碳排放LCA輔助工具。最后，應(yīng)用評價軟件和建筑碳排放LCA工具對天津大學(xué)1895建筑創(chuàng)意大廈進行了試評估，驗證了評價體系的科學(xué)性及實用價值。 本文提出的整合碳排放評價的中國綠色建筑評價體系框架和天津地區(qū)新建辦公建筑特征標(biāo)簽工具，可以為我國現(xiàn)有綠色/低碳建筑評價體系的優(yōu)化與完善提供理論與決策支持。
[Abstract]:Since our government promised in Copenhagen in 2009 to reduce the CO2 emissions per unit of DGP by 40% and 45% compared with 2005 by 2020, energy saving and emission reduction has become the "12th Five-Year Plan" development goal of China's construction industry. At present, there are many problems in the development of low-carbon buildings in China, which are mainly reflected in the national policy, the carbon emission accounting method of buildings and the evaluation standards of low-carbon buildings: the concept of low-carbon buildings is unclear and the design results of low-carbon buildings are scattered; Government managers lack of effective tools to objectively assess the level of carbon emissions of buildings, can not implement fiscal and tax incentives and establish a carbon trading market, investors are not driven enough to obtain due returns from low-carbon construction investment; Owners have no personal feelings for low-carbon buildings and cannot identify low-carbon building products through authoritative certification labels. Therefore, it is urgent for China to establish a scientific and reasonable evaluation system for low-carbon buildings to provide an objective basis for all parties to make decisions. This paper systematically combs and compares the main characteristics, evaluation objects, evaluation tools, index system, scoring system, weight system, evaluation process and evaluation results of six typical low-carbon building evaluation systems at home and abroad. This paper points out the common problems existing in the evaluation system of low-carbon buildings in China: the lack of government policy guidance in the implementation process, the limited scope of the evaluation objects, the lack of clear and detailed accounting methods for the evaluation indicators, the absence of a comprehensive scoring system, and the lack of a comprehensive scoring system. There is no independent weight system; the output form of evaluation results is too abstract. Then, from the three key angles of the existing problems, the paper studies the building carbon footprint, the index benchmark and the weight system of the evaluation system, and puts forward the determination method and technical route suitable for the national conditions of our country. On this basis, the theoretical model of the comprehensive evaluation system framework for building environmental performance is established, and the basic characteristics, system rules, system elements and the inherent logical structure of the evaluation tool group are defined. Under the guidance of the theoretical model of the comprehensive evaluation system of building environmental performance, based on the evaluation standard of green building in China, the aim of this paper is to improve the perspective of carbon emission performance evaluation of green building evaluation system in China. The evaluation system framework of Chinese green building integrated carbon emission assessment is constructed. According to the characteristics of residential / office buildings in Tianjin, the evaluation subsystem is developed. The evaluation index items, mathematical model, index datum, weight factor, rating benchmark and expression method of evaluation result of building carbon emission are discussed, and the scoring table of characteristic label tool for new office building in Tianjin area is established. A software tool for user self-evaluation and a building carbon emission LCA assistant tool are developed. Finally, the evaluation software and building carbon emission LCA tool are applied to evaluate the creative building of Tianjin University 1895, which verifies the scientific and practical value of the evaluation system. In this paper, the framework of Chinese green building evaluation system integrated with carbon emission assessment and the new office building feature label tool in Tianjin area can provide theoretical and decision-making support for the optimization and improvement of the existing green / low-carbon building evaluation system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU201.5

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前4條

1 張智慧,吳星;基于生命周期評價理論的建筑物環(huán)境影響評價系統(tǒng)[J];城市環(huán)境與城市生態(tài);2004年05期

2 運迎霞,唐燕;對生態(tài)住區(qū)評估系統(tǒng)中權(quán)重問題的思考[J];城市規(guī)劃匯刊;2004年02期

3 李濵;宋曄皓;;打造環(huán)境友好的住宅 英國“可持續(xù)住宅法案”探析[J];動感(生態(tài)城市與綠色建筑);2010年01期

4 魏小清;李念平;張絮涵;;大型公共建筑碳足跡框架體系研究[J];建筑節(jié)能;2011年03期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前5條

1 盧娜;土地利用變化碳排放效應(yīng)研究[D];南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

2 李兵;低碳建筑技術(shù)體系與碳排放測算方法研究[D];華中科技大學(xué);2012年

3 楊倩苗;建筑產(chǎn)品的全生命周期環(huán)境影響定量評價[D];天津大學(xué);2009年

4 谷立靜;基于生命周期評價的中國建筑行業(yè)環(huán)境影響研究[D];清華大學(xué);2009年

5 徐冰;基于多層級網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)特征的規(guī)劃設(shè)計結(jié)構(gòu)研究[D];天津大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：2223907