【摘要】：按地貌類型劃分我國有三分之一的國土屬于山地,掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)是山地建筑中應(yīng)用的最為廣泛最具有代表性的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)形式。掉層框架的不等高接地形式,決定了其受力性能與普通平地框架結(jié)構(gòu)存在顯著差異,目前國內(nèi)外均無針對(duì)山地框架結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的成熟規(guī)范,山地框架結(jié)構(gòu)的抗震性能研究顯然已經(jīng)滯后于實(shí)際工程的需要。尤其自汶川地震以來,諸多結(jié)構(gòu)在強(qiáng)震下的破壞失效模式與結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的預(yù)期有所較大的差別,同時(shí)由于大量頻發(fā)地震帶均屬于山地地貌,有必要研究清楚山地掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)在強(qiáng)震下的破壞失效模式,同時(shí)因?yàn)榻Y(jié)構(gòu)多維理論研究進(jìn)展緩慢及軟件開發(fā)等歷史原因,以往對(duì)于山地框架結(jié)構(gòu)的地震響應(yīng)分析長(zhǎng)期以桿系簡(jiǎn)化模型為主,因此研究山地框架結(jié)構(gòu)基于精細(xì)化實(shí)體模型的地震響應(yīng)很有必要。首先以一個(gè)8度0.2g區(qū)的掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)作為研究對(duì)象,采用通用有限元分析軟件ABAQUS,從結(jié)構(gòu)混凝土塑性損傷系數(shù)、各個(gè)地震響應(yīng)指標(biāo)的時(shí)程曲線等方面,討論與評(píng)價(jià)了基于精細(xì)化實(shí)體模型的空間掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)在強(qiáng)震下的破壞失效模式,并分析了有無樓板、樓板厚度、樓板梁端開縫形式等諸多因素對(duì)掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞失效模式的影響。進(jìn)一步以另一個(gè)8度0.2g區(qū)的空間掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)作為研究對(duì)象,采用結(jié)構(gòu)非線性分析與性能評(píng)估軟件Perform-3D,從整體和局部?jī)蓚�(gè)層次上,討論與評(píng)價(jià)了空間掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)在2組近斷層地震動(dòng)和2組遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)地震動(dòng)輸入下的抗震性能,分析了在各條地震波作用下,改變掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)的柱截面尺寸、梁端配筋率、柱端配筋率、結(jié)構(gòu)掉跨情形等因素對(duì)掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)的破壞失效模式的影響,并研究了近場(chǎng)脈沖對(duì)山地框架結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。通過本文的研究,得到如下主要結(jié)論:(1)ABAQUS建立的精細(xì)化實(shí)體掉層框架模型在強(qiáng)震下顯示出梁柱混合出鉸的破壞失效模式,而SAP2000建立的桿系簡(jiǎn)化模型則顯示為以梁鉸為主的破壞失效模式,說明ABAQUS建立的精細(xì)化實(shí)體模型確實(shí)能夠更加真實(shí)有效的反應(yīng)出掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)在大震作用下的破壞失效模式;無樓板掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)中梁的破壞早于柱,且梁破壞更嚴(yán)重一些,偏向于“強(qiáng)柱弱梁”的失效模式,而有樓板的掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu),其破壞失效模式偏向于混合出鉸模式;基于彈性樓板的假定下,ABAQUS計(jì)算結(jié)果不能真實(shí)反映結(jié)構(gòu)在地震作用下的屈服順序和塑性耗能分布,給出的結(jié)構(gòu)地震失效描述沒有彈塑性的科學(xué)合理;三種板厚變化(80mm-100mm-120mm)均為梁柱混合出鉸模式,但板厚的增加更有利于延緩梁的破壞且加速加重柱的破壞;在掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)梁端現(xiàn)澆板設(shè)縫合適的時(shí)候,能夠降低板對(duì)于梁抗彎承載能力的加強(qiáng)作用,結(jié)果表明柱子的損傷破壞情況得到了一定的延緩,有利于結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)“強(qiáng)柱弱梁”的破壞失效模式。(2)梁端負(fù)筋的增多會(huì)導(dǎo)致柱子破壞的加速加劇,容易形成梁柱混合出鉸的破壞失效模式;柱端配筋的增多能有效的強(qiáng)化柱子,使得結(jié)構(gòu)更容易出現(xiàn)“強(qiáng)柱弱梁”破壞失效模式表明減小柱截面尺寸會(huì)嚴(yán)重不利于“強(qiáng)柱弱梁”,但過于加大柱截面尺寸也同樣不利于柱的保護(hù);從梁柱出鉸的情況看來,減少掉跨數(shù)目,掉層框架結(jié)構(gòu)柱端出鉸率會(huì)增加,更容易出現(xiàn)梁柱混合出鉸的破壞模式,適當(dāng)增加掉跨數(shù)目,可以減少柱端出鉸率,使結(jié)構(gòu)更偏向于強(qiáng)柱弱梁的破壞模式。(3)含速度脈沖的近斷層地震動(dòng)的低頻分量豐富,對(duì)中長(zhǎng)周期(大于0.9s)結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生更不利的影響;而遠(yuǎn)場(chǎng)地震動(dòng)對(duì)短周期(小于0.9s)結(jié)構(gòu)有較強(qiáng)的破壞作用。含速度脈沖的近斷層地震動(dòng)對(duì)掉層結(jié)構(gòu)的地震反應(yīng)(即結(jié)構(gòu)的整體反應(yīng)指標(biāo)和局部反應(yīng)指標(biāo))均有不同程度的放大作用。
[Abstract]:One third of China's land is in mountainous area according to geomorphological type, and the falling floor frame structure is the most widely used and representative building structure in mountainous area. Since the Wenchuan earthquake, the failure modes of many structures under strong earthquakes are quite different from the expectations of structural design. At the same time, because a large number of frequent earthquake zones belong to mountain landforms, the seismic performance of mountain frame structures has obviously lagged behind the actual needs of engineering. It is necessary to study the failure modes of frame structures in mountainous areas under strong earthquakes. Because of the slow progress of multi-dimensional theory research and the development of software, the simplified member model has long been the main seismic response analysis method for frame structures in mountainous areas. It is necessary to study the seismic response of a falling-floor frame structure in the area of 0.2g of 8 degrees. Using the general finite element analysis software ABAQUS, this paper discusses and evaluates the strength of the spatial falling-floor frame structure based on the refined solid model from the aspects of the plastic damage coefficient of the structure concrete and the time-history curves of each seismic response index. The failure modes of frame structures with or without floor slabs, floor thickness, and the cracks at the end of floor beams are analyzed. The nonlinear analysis and performance evaluation software Perform-3D is used to analyze the failure modes of frame structures with or without floor slabs. On the whole and local levels, the aseismic performance of spatial frame structures with floor dropping is discussed and evaluated under two groups of near-fault ground motions and two groups of far-field ground motions. The factors such as changing the column section size, beam-end reinforcement ratio, Column-end reinforcement ratio and structure span dropping are analyzed under the action of each seismic wave. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The refined entity falling story frame model established by ABAQUS shows the failure mode of beam-column mixed with hinges under strong earthquakes, while the simplified model established by SAP2000 shows the failure mode of beam-column mixed with hinges. For the failure mode of beam hinge, it shows that the refined entity model established by ABAQUS can reflect the failure mode of the frame structure more truly and effectively under the action of large earthquakes; the failure of the beam in the frame structure without floor falling is earlier than that of the column, and the failure of the beam is more serious, and it tends to the failure of the "strong column and weak beam". Based on the assumption of elastic floor, the results of ABAQUS can not truly reflect the yield order and plastic energy dissipation distribution of the structure under earthquake, and the seismic failure description of the structure is not reasonable and scientific. Both of them are beam-column mixed hinge mode, but the increase of plate thickness is more conducive to delaying the damage of beam and accelerating the damage of column; when the cast-in-place slab at the beam end of the frame structure is sutured properly, the strengthening effect of slab on the bending capacity of beam can be reduced, and the results show that the damage and failure of column is certain. (2) the increase of the negative reinforcement at the end of the beam will accelerate the failure of the column, which is easy to form the failure mode of beam-column mixed hinge; the increase of the reinforcement at the end of the column can effectively strengthen the column, making the structure easier to appear the failure mode of "strong column and weak beam". Reducing the section size of columns is not conducive to "strong columns and weak beams", but increasing the section size of columns is also not conducive to the protection of columns. (3) The low-frequency component of near-fault ground motions with velocity pulses is abundant, which has a more adverse effect on Medium-long Period structures (greater than 0.9s); and the far-field ground motions have a stronger destructive effect on short-period structures (less than 0.9s). The seismic response of story structures (i.e. the overall response index and the local response index) can be amplified to varying degrees.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TU375.4

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