【摘要】：隨著城市現(xiàn)代化進(jìn)程的加快和城市建設(shè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，超高層建筑在一些大型城市中不斷地涌現(xiàn)，已經(jīng)成為所在城市重要的標(biāo)志。超高層建筑不同于一般高層建筑，具有體型非常巨大、功能極其復(fù)雜、人員物資相對(duì)集中、電氣化和自動(dòng)化程度較高、火災(zāi)隱患多的諸多特點(diǎn)，稍有不慎更容易釀成火災(zāi)。一旦超高層建筑中發(fā)生火災(zāi)，具有蔓延極其迅速、火災(zāi)救援難度大以及人員疏散困難的特點(diǎn)，并且會(huì)造成極大的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。 火災(zāi)載荷為建筑內(nèi)所有可燃物燃燒所能夠釋放的總熱量，是預(yù)測(cè)可能出現(xiàn)的火災(zāi)大小和嚴(yán)重程度的基礎(chǔ)。火災(zāi)載荷數(shù)據(jù)主要與其建筑物的功能有關(guān)，但還與很多其他影響因素相關(guān)，比如建筑建成年代、裝修風(fēng)格、裝修材料、中西方文化差異等因素。 本論文以某特定超高層建筑作為研究對(duì)象，首先針對(duì)該建筑內(nèi)建筑形式、人員密度、防排煙設(shè)施等消防系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行調(diào)研，然后對(duì)其中某一有代表性的辦公區(qū)域進(jìn)行火災(zāi)載荷分布、大小的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研，計(jì)算出本超高層建筑內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)層內(nèi)火災(zāi)載荷數(shù)量，并估算出超高層建筑內(nèi)該層可能出現(xiàn)的火災(zāi)規(guī)模，最后使用FDS軟件對(duì)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時(shí)煙氣蔓延的一些規(guī)律進(jìn)行了研究。根據(jù)模擬數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)估火災(zāi)對(duì)建筑物和人員危害程度，為建筑火災(zāi)情況下人員疏散設(shè)計(jì)和超高層防火性能化提供相應(yīng)依據(jù)。 由于超高層建筑火災(zāi)的巨大危害性，故對(duì)超高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延擴(kuò)散及煙氣對(duì)人員安全疏散的影響進(jìn)行研究是非常迫切和必要的。我國(guó)對(duì)超高層建筑火災(zāi)載荷及火災(zāi)時(shí)煙氣擴(kuò)散一并研究的不多，，并且研究不夠深入。故本課題的研究有一定實(shí)際意義，將會(huì)對(duì)我國(guó)超高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣流動(dòng)和人員疏散救援提供可借鑒的依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urban modernization and the vigorous development of urban construction, super-tall buildings have been emerging in some large cities, which has become an important symbol of the city in which they live. Super-high-rise building is different from other high-rise buildings, it has many characteristics, such as very large size, extremely complex function, relatively concentrated personnel and materials, higher degree of electrification and automation, and more hidden dangers of fire, so it is easier to cause fire with a bit of carelessness. Once a fire occurs in a super high-rise building, it has the characteristics of extremely rapid spread, difficulty of fire rescue and difficulty of evacuation, and will cause great property losses. The fire load is the total heat that can be released by burning all combustible substances in the building and is the basis for predicting the magnitude and severity of the fire that may occur. The fire load data are mainly related to the function of the building, but also related to many other factors, such as the age of building completion, decoration style, decoration materials, cultural differences between China and the West, and so on. In this paper, a certain super high-rise building is taken as the research object. Firstly, the fire protection system such as building form, personnel density, smoke prevention and exhaust facilities are investigated, and then the fire load distribution of a representative office area is carried out. Through field investigation of the size of the building, the amount of fire load in the standard storey of the super high-rise building is calculated, and the fire scale that may occur in the super high-rise building is estimated. Finally, some laws of smoke spread during fire are studied by using FDS software. According to the simulated data, the fire hazard degree to buildings and personnel is evaluated, which provides the corresponding basis for the evacuation design and fire prevention performance of super high-rise buildings in the case of building fires. Because of the great harmfulness of super high-rise building fire, it is very urgent and necessary to study the influence of smoke spread and spread on the safety evacuation of personnel in super high-rise building fire. There are few researches on fire load and smoke diffusion of super high-rise building in our country, and the research is not enough. Therefore, the study of this subject has certain practical significance, which will provide reference for fire smoke flow and evacuation rescue of super high-rise buildings in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU972.4;TU973.21

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉建民;岳合生;;高層建筑火災(zāi)煙氣蔓延的FDS模擬[J];消防技術(shù)與產(chǎn)品信息;2008年01期

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