發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-19 11:48

【摘要】：城市綜合公園是城市綠地系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,隨著社會(huì)發(fā)展、人們價(jià)值觀念和需求轉(zhuǎn)變,綜合公園亟待更新優(yōu)化。公園改造時(shí),保留原有景觀能起到保育文化、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、快速營(yíng)造景觀、節(jié)約建設(shè)成本等重要作用；景觀優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)可以使公園更美觀藝術(shù)、更生態(tài)自然、更具文化內(nèi)涵,提高公園使用效率。但目前景觀的保留與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)存在缺乏專(zhuān)業(yè)性指導(dǎo),前期調(diào)查分析不充分；與公園一些功能性改造矛盾；部分原有景觀品質(zhì)較差等問(wèn)題。 本文通過(guò)大量查閱調(diào)研相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和案例,系統(tǒng)地研究了城市綜合公園改造設(shè)計(jì)、景觀保留與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)等內(nèi)容,闡述了原有景觀保留與優(yōu)化的必要性,分析了其影響因素,提出了景觀保留與優(yōu)化的原則、方法等,結(jié)合濰坊自怡園改造設(shè)計(jì),力圖能為其他城市公園景觀改造設(shè)計(jì)提供新思路。以下為研究所獲成果： (1)國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)城市綜合公園改造的研究越來(lái)越重視,改造與新建最大的不同之處在于設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)場(chǎng)地原有景觀的處理,本文梳理了國(guó)內(nèi)外城市公園景觀改造的相關(guān)研究,分析綜合公園功能,提出城市綜合公園改造的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、功能和景觀目標(biāo),認(rèn)為改造步驟如同醫(yī)生“望聞問(wèn)切”的治病過(guò)程一樣,改造的方式先保留后優(yōu)化,采用“整體景觀環(huán)境塑造-局部景觀空間營(yíng)造-個(gè)體景觀要素鍛造”這樣逐層進(jìn)行改造設(shè)計(jì),分析景觀空間、要素、植物等內(nèi)容。 (2)針對(duì)景觀保留與優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)存問(wèn)題,要遵循保留與優(yōu)化的整體性、標(biāo)志性、生態(tài)性、人本性等原則,提高參與者保護(hù)意識(shí)和專(zhuān)業(yè)技能、提升專(zhuān)家參與度、采用先進(jìn)3S、SBE法等技術(shù)方法、全面調(diào)查核實(shí)原有場(chǎng)地材料等提升前期調(diào)查結(jié)果的精準(zhǔn)度。 (3)尊重保留原有景觀空間布局、風(fēng)格、游人使用習(xí)慣,注意各空間的聯(lián)系性和獨(dú)特性,適當(dāng)調(diào)整原有空間尺度、色彩、形式,增加景觀空間數(shù)量,從視覺(jué)、意境、功能等方面構(gòu)建優(yōu)化空間景觀品質(zhì)、內(nèi)容；原有地形、水體、建筑、道路、植物等景觀要素應(yīng)最大限度的予以保留利用,古建、古樹(shù)及工業(yè)設(shè)施等場(chǎng)地歷史遺留是保護(hù)重點(diǎn),根據(jù)時(shí)代發(fā)展和人們需求,對(duì)原有景觀進(jìn)行更新優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì),增強(qiáng)景觀主題性、功能性,新舊景觀相融合。 (4)植物保留的等級(jí)為古樹(shù)名木喬木灌木草花,慢生種速生種,以原地保留為主,可以采用改變道路走向或形式、原有行道樹(shù)作為分車(chē)帶綠化的骨干樹(shù)種、增設(shè)樹(shù)池或林下廣場(chǎng)、點(diǎn)線面相結(jié)合的密林區(qū)設(shè)計(jì)等適宜的保留設(shè)計(jì)手段；通過(guò)對(duì)植物的修剪、抽稀,根部埋樹(shù)條、鋪生態(tài)透水磚、設(shè)圍欄,合理引種鄉(xiāng)土樹(shù)種、花灌木及文化保健植物,協(xié)調(diào)與各景觀元素組景等,科學(xué)地優(yōu)化調(diào)整植物形態(tài)和生境、群落密度和結(jié)構(gòu)、文化和生態(tài)性景觀。 (5)濰坊自怡園改造設(shè)計(jì)中,保留了原有古園風(fēng)貌,優(yōu)化功能和生態(tài)景觀設(shè)計(jì),將景觀空間的布局調(diào)整為“一山一水多功能景觀空間”的形式,增強(qiáng)每個(gè)景觀空間的主題聯(lián)系性；修繕園內(nèi)仿古建筑并統(tǒng)一風(fēng)格,優(yōu)化道路系統(tǒng),植物基本上都保留利用,尤其喬木是全部保留,著重增加中下層植物和具有文化寓意的保健型植物；公園文化和當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)箏、武術(shù)等文化融入景觀優(yōu)化中；重塑了一個(gè)古韻濃厚、功能完善、環(huán)境優(yōu)美的中式山水園。
[Abstract]:Urban comprehensive park is an important part of urban green space system. With the development of society and the change of people's values and demands, it is urgent to renew and optimize the comprehensive park. The park is more beautiful, more ecological and natural, more cultural connotation, improve the efficiency of the use of the park.
By consulting a large number of relevant documents and cases, this paper systematically studies the urban comprehensive park renovation design, landscape preservation and optimization design, expounds the necessity of the original landscape preservation and optimization, analyzes its influencing factors, puts forward the principles and methods of landscape preservation and optimization, and combines with Weifang Ziyiyuan renovation design. It can provide new ideas for landscape design and renovation of other urban parks.
(1) More and more attention has been paid to the reconstruction of urban comprehensive parks both at home and abroad. The biggest difference between the reconstruction and the new construction lies in the treatment of the original landscape in the design of the site. This paper combs the relevant studies on the landscape reconstruction of urban parks at home and abroad, analyzes the functions of the comprehensive parks, and puts forward the development trend, functions and landscape objectives of the transformation of urban comprehensive parks. It is believed that the transformation step is the same as the doctor's treatment process. The transformation method is first retained and then optimized. The transformation design is carried out layer by layer by layer with the method of "overall landscape environment shaping - local landscape space building - individual landscape elements forging", and the contents of landscape space, elements and plants are analyzed.
(2) In view of the existing problems of landscape preservation and optimization design, we should follow the principles of integrity, symbolism, ecology and humanism of preservation and optimization, enhance participants'protection consciousness and professional skills, enhance experts' participation, adopt advanced 3S, SBE and other technical methods to investigate and verify the original site materials comprehensively, and enhance the precision of the preliminary investigation results. Degree of accuracy.
(3) Respect and retain the original landscape spatial layout, style, visitors use habits, pay attention to the connection and uniqueness of each space, appropriate adjustment of the original spatial scale, color, form, increase the number of landscape space, from the visual, artistic conception, function and other aspects to build and optimize the quality of space landscape, content; the original terrain, water, architecture, roads, plants and other landscapes. Elements should be retained and utilized to the maximum extent. The historical sites such as ancient buildings, ancient trees and industrial facilities are the key points of protection. According to the development of the times and people's needs, the original landscape should be optimized and updated to enhance the theme, functionality and the integration of new and old landscape.
(4) The grade of plant reserve is ancient trees, famous trees, shrubs and flowers, slow-growing species, fast-growing species, mainly in situ, can be used to change the direction or form of the road, the original roadside trees as the backbone tree species of the car belt greening, the addition of tree ponds or forest squares, Point-line-plane combination of dense forest design and other appropriate means of conservation design; Plants are pruned, thinned, rooted trees are buried, ecological permeable bricks are laid, fences are set up, local tree species, flowering shrubs and cultural health plants are reasonably introduced, landscape elements are coordinated, plant morphology and habitat, community density and structure, culture and ecological landscape are scientifically optimized and adjusted.
(5) In the reconstruction design of Weifang Ziyi Garden, the original style and features of ancient gardens are retained, the functions and ecological landscape design are optimized, and the layout of landscape space is adjusted to the form of "one mountain, one water and multi-functional landscape space", so as to enhance the theme connection of each landscape space. All of them are reserved and utilized, especially the trees are all reserved, with emphasis on adding lower and middle-level plants and health-care plants with cultural implications; park culture and local kites, martial arts and other cultures are integrated into the landscape optimization; remodeling a rich ancient charm, functional, beautiful environment of Chinese-style landscape garden.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU986

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