寒區(qū)農(nóng)宅煙氣余熱地道式采暖方式研究
發(fā)布時間:2018-08-19 11:15
【摘要】:我國嚴寒地區(qū)的采暖季長達五個月以上,北方農(nóng)村農(nóng)宅因為保溫性能差,同時采暖熱效率低,采暖能耗占總能耗的80%,降低農(nóng)村的采暖能耗是農(nóng)村建筑節(jié)能的重要課題。 課題組在2012年12月、2013年1月對哈爾濱管轄的阿什河鄉(xiāng)的采暖現(xiàn)狀進行了實測與調(diào)研。調(diào)研發(fā)現(xiàn)火炕、火墻等采暖方式使室內(nèi)空氣質(zhì)量下降,越來越多的農(nóng)戶開始使用土暖氣采暖,土暖氣鍋爐的排煙量大而且溫度高,排煙熱損失很大。在阿什河鄉(xiāng)民和村對鍋灶和土暖氣鍋爐的排煙進行了測定,通過對煙氣物性的直接計算,得出以火炕采暖的排煙溫度20℃為基準溫度,土暖氣在采暖時,每燃燒1kg煙煤,排放煙氣的可用余熱量為3024kJ,約占煙煤低位熱值的12.4%。在土暖氣鍋爐和鍋灶進行炊事時,排煙熱損失更多。 根據(jù)能量的梯級利用理論,提出了在非主要人員活動區(qū)域采暖煙氣余熱地道式采暖方式,,提高燃料利用效率。煙氣余熱的供暖面積要根據(jù)煙氣可用余熱量來確定。提出了煙氣余熱地道式采暖方式的構(gòu)造方法和運行方式。借鑒火炕的搭建方式分別給出了煙氣余熱地道式采暖方式的地面散熱量、換熱效率、蓄熱性能、煙道尺寸、煙道阻力等重要參數(shù)的確定原則和方法。 將煙氣余熱地道式采暖房間進行幾何和物理上的簡化,建立了煙氣余熱地道式采暖房間的換熱模型,其中包括簡化的負荷模型、地面換熱模型、煙氣的熱平衡方程。 建立煙道換熱的數(shù)值計算模型,將測試得到的三種排煙狀態(tài)通入煙道,發(fā)現(xiàn)后擋煙煙道布置方式熱工性能表現(xiàn)上優(yōu)于其它方式。針對煙氣入口處地面溫度過高的問題,提出了加厚該部位地面的改進措施,建立模型進行模擬,結(jié)果顯示改進措施能夠在一定程度上改善過熱問題。將調(diào)研得到的1號和3號煙氣通入改進后煙道,地面溫度由28.2℃分別提高到30.8℃和33.4℃。計算得到煙氣余熱利用率為60.8%,節(jié)能率為7.54%。 以測試農(nóng)戶房屋為原型,建立寒區(qū)農(nóng)宅的典型模型,對該模型進行煙氣余熱地道式采暖的設(shè)計計算,并進行不同采暖方式分析比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)采用煙氣余熱地道式采暖后可節(jié)省9.17%的采暖能耗。對廚房采用煙氣余熱地道式采暖進行了設(shè)計計算。
[Abstract]:The heating season in the cold area of our country lasts for more than five months. Because of poor thermal insulation performance and low heating efficiency, heating energy consumption accounts for 80% of the total energy consumption. Reducing rural heating energy consumption is an important subject of rural building energy conservation. In December, 2012 and January, 2013, the present heating situation of Ashi River in Harbin was measured and investigated. The investigation found that the indoor air quality was decreased by the heating methods such as Kang and firewall. More and more farmers began to use earth heating. The amount of exhaust smoke of the boiler was large and the temperature was high, and the heat loss of exhaust smoke was very big. The exhaust smoke of boiler stove and soil-heating boiler was measured in Ashihe township and village. Through the direct calculation of the physical properties of flue gas, it was concluded that the exhaust smoke temperature of the heating bed was 20 鈩
本文編號:2191497
[Abstract]:The heating season in the cold area of our country lasts for more than five months. Because of poor thermal insulation performance and low heating efficiency, heating energy consumption accounts for 80% of the total energy consumption. Reducing rural heating energy consumption is an important subject of rural building energy conservation. In December, 2012 and January, 2013, the present heating situation of Ashi River in Harbin was measured and investigated. The investigation found that the indoor air quality was decreased by the heating methods such as Kang and firewall. More and more farmers began to use earth heating. The amount of exhaust smoke of the boiler was large and the temperature was high, and the heat loss of exhaust smoke was very big. The exhaust smoke of boiler stove and soil-heating boiler was measured in Ashihe township and village. Through the direct calculation of the physical properties of flue gas, it was concluded that the exhaust smoke temperature of the heating bed was 20 鈩
本文編號:2191497
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