基于發(fā)泡和固化法的硅酸鹽無機外墻保溫材料制備與性能研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-09 11:05
【摘要】：近年來由于缺乏相關消防安全法規(guī),大量可燃的有機保溫材料被用于建筑外墻,造成了火災事故頻發(fā)�，F階段我國建筑外墻保溫技術最突出的問題就是節(jié)能和防火之間的矛盾,有機保溫材料雖然隔熱性能好、質輕和價格便宜,但是可燃燒,一旦被點燃會釋放大量的熱量、煙氣和毒性氣體,并且會在建筑外立面上迅速蔓延,造成嚴重的后果,而無機保溫材料防火性能優(yōu)異,但是導熱系數較大,而且易吸水,節(jié)能效率不高。本文從先防火再節(jié)能方面考慮,提出研發(fā)一種低導熱系數、低成本、憎水和環(huán)境友好的無機外墻保溫材料。 本文采用理論分析與實驗制備相結合的方法,利用發(fā)泡和固化法制備出導熱系數較低,強度合適且具有憎水性的硅酸鹽無機多孔保溫材料,完成的主要研究工作如下： 首先,研究了多孔保溫材料內部的傳熱機理,發(fā)展了新型有效介質理論來描述多孔保溫材料的內部傳熱。利用傳熱分析推導出理論的數學表達式并且驗證了該理論的有效性,而且根據理論模型提出高孔隙率(或低容重)、低導熱系數固相骨架與合理的孔隙結構這三種途徑可以使多孔材料具有低導熱系數,為研發(fā)工作提供了理論依據。 然后,以工業(yè)莫來石粉為骨料和玉米淀粉為膠凝材料利用發(fā)泡和淀粉固化的方法制備了高孔隙率的莫來石基多孔保溫材料,孔隙率最高的樣品導熱系數可以達到0.1W/mK左右,為研發(fā)工作奠定了實驗基礎。 接著,針對發(fā)泡和淀粉固化法的缺點,以工業(yè)莫來石粉為骨料,用更經濟更環(huán)保的水泥代替淀粉作為膠凝材料,利用發(fā)泡和水泥固化法制備了莫來石基多孔保溫材料,降低了成本和減少了排放,優(yōu)化了制備方法。 最后,選擇成本更低和更輕質的工業(yè)廢料粉煤灰作為骨料,利用發(fā)泡和水泥固化法制備粉煤灰基多孔保溫材料,并且采用發(fā)泡液先獨立發(fā)泡再與漿料混合的方法代替之前的漿料直接發(fā)泡,制備出導熱系數更低的樣品。此外本文還使用水溶性防水劑對樣品進行滲透性防水處理,經過防水處理后樣品具有憎水性。
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the lack of relevant fire safety regulations, a large number of combustible organic insulation materials have been used in building exterior walls, resulting in frequent fire accidents. At the present stage, the most prominent problem of external wall insulation technology in our country is the contradiction between energy saving and fire prevention. Although organic insulation materials have good thermal insulation, light weight and low price, they can burn, once ignited, they will release a large amount of heat. The smoke and toxic gas will spread rapidly on the exterior of the building, causing serious consequences. The inorganic insulation material has excellent fire resistance, but its thermal conductivity is high, and it is easy to absorb water, and the efficiency of energy saving is not high. In this paper, a kind of inorganic exterior wall insulation material with low thermal conductivity, low cost, hydrophobicity and environmental friendliness is proposed from the point of view of fire prevention and energy saving. In this paper, silicate inorganic porous thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity, suitable strength and hydrophobicity were prepared by using foaming and curing methods, by combining theoretical analysis with experimental preparation. The main work is as follows: firstly, the heat transfer mechanism of porous thermal insulation material is studied, and a new effective medium theory is developed to describe the internal heat transfer of porous thermal insulation material. The mathematical expression of the theory is derived by heat transfer analysis and the validity of the theory is verified. According to the theoretical model, three approaches, high porosity (or low bulk density), low thermal conductivity solid skeleton and reasonable pore structure, can make porous materials have low thermal conductivity, which provides a theoretical basis for research and development. Then, the mullite porous insulation material with high porosity was prepared by using industrial mullite powder as aggregate and corn starch as cementitious material. The thermal conductivity of the sample with the highest porosity could reach about 0.1W/mK. For the research and development work laid the experimental foundation. Then, in view of the shortcomings of foaming and starch curing methods, mullite based porous insulation materials were prepared by using industrial mullite powder as aggregate, using more economical and environmental friendly cement instead of starch as cementitious material, and using foaming and cement curing methods. The cost and emission are reduced, and the preparation method is optimized. Finally, the industrial waste fly ash with lower cost and lighter weight is selected as aggregate, and the porous thermal insulation material based on fly ash is prepared by foaming and cement curing method. The foaming fluid was used to foaming independently and then mixed with the slurry instead of the former directly foaming to prepare the sample with lower thermal conductivity. In addition, the water-soluble waterproof agent was used to treat the sample with permeable waterproofing, and the sample was hydrophobic after waterproofing.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU551.3
本文編號：2173877
[Abstract]:In recent years, due to the lack of relevant fire safety regulations, a large number of combustible organic insulation materials have been used in building exterior walls, resulting in frequent fire accidents. At the present stage, the most prominent problem of external wall insulation technology in our country is the contradiction between energy saving and fire prevention. Although organic insulation materials have good thermal insulation, light weight and low price, they can burn, once ignited, they will release a large amount of heat. The smoke and toxic gas will spread rapidly on the exterior of the building, causing serious consequences. The inorganic insulation material has excellent fire resistance, but its thermal conductivity is high, and it is easy to absorb water, and the efficiency of energy saving is not high. In this paper, a kind of inorganic exterior wall insulation material with low thermal conductivity, low cost, hydrophobicity and environmental friendliness is proposed from the point of view of fire prevention and energy saving. In this paper, silicate inorganic porous thermal insulation materials with low thermal conductivity, suitable strength and hydrophobicity were prepared by using foaming and curing methods, by combining theoretical analysis with experimental preparation. The main work is as follows: firstly, the heat transfer mechanism of porous thermal insulation material is studied, and a new effective medium theory is developed to describe the internal heat transfer of porous thermal insulation material. The mathematical expression of the theory is derived by heat transfer analysis and the validity of the theory is verified. According to the theoretical model, three approaches, high porosity (or low bulk density), low thermal conductivity solid skeleton and reasonable pore structure, can make porous materials have low thermal conductivity, which provides a theoretical basis for research and development. Then, the mullite porous insulation material with high porosity was prepared by using industrial mullite powder as aggregate and corn starch as cementitious material. The thermal conductivity of the sample with the highest porosity could reach about 0.1W/mK. For the research and development work laid the experimental foundation. Then, in view of the shortcomings of foaming and starch curing methods, mullite based porous insulation materials were prepared by using industrial mullite powder as aggregate, using more economical and environmental friendly cement instead of starch as cementitious material, and using foaming and cement curing methods. The cost and emission are reduced, and the preparation method is optimized. Finally, the industrial waste fly ash with lower cost and lighter weight is selected as aggregate, and the porous thermal insulation material based on fly ash is prepared by foaming and cement curing method. The foaming fluid was used to foaming independently and then mixed with the slurry instead of the former directly foaming to prepare the sample with lower thermal conductivity. In addition, the water-soluble waterproof agent was used to treat the sample with permeable waterproofing, and the sample was hydrophobic after waterproofing.
【學位授予單位】：中國科學技術大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU551.3
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