【摘要】：自重慶直轄以來，城市建設(shè)飛速發(fā)展和人們生活水平日益提高，建筑能耗不斷攀升，因此亟需尋求適宜重慶地區(qū)的節(jié)能技術(shù)來實(shí)現(xiàn)建筑節(jié)能。而熱反射涂料具有高反射特性，其反射率大于0.8，在重慶地區(qū)辦公建筑屋頂?shù)膽?yīng)用已取得諸多成效，可大幅降低頂層房間空調(diào)能耗。外墻作為建筑與外界環(huán)境熱濕交換的主要通道，其隔熱性能的提升對降低建筑能耗、改善區(qū)域熱環(huán)境至關(guān)重要，但熱反射外墻對空調(diào)能耗的影響鮮有研究。 本文首先對熱反射外墻的隔熱機(jī)理進(jìn)行了闡述，利用傳熱學(xué)理論和外墻太陽輻射得熱求解模型相結(jié)合分析了墻體得熱與散熱。其次選取重慶江津區(qū)某辦公樓西側(cè)兩間尺寸和朝向相同的房間，其中三層房間西外墻涂刷熱反射墻體涂料，四層房間外墻不作處理視為對照外墻，，利用微型電力監(jiān)測儀、溫濕度巡檢儀和紅外成像儀等對房間冬夏季空調(diào)電耗和房間溫度進(jìn)行了實(shí)測。結(jié)果表明：測試期間，重慶地區(qū)辦公建筑西外墻采用熱反射外墻時(shí)，夏季可降低空調(diào)電耗0.066kWh/(d m2)，但冬季反增空調(diào)電耗0.008kWh/(d m2)。 為研究重慶地區(qū)辦公建筑不同朝向熱反射外墻的節(jié)能效果，分別選取外墻熱反射率為0.2~0.8的新建辦公建筑和既有辦公建筑作為研究對象，借助能耗模擬軟件DesignBuilder v3.0對熱反射外墻房間進(jìn)行了全年空調(diào)用能仿真。不同外墻反射率的房間空調(diào)用能對比結(jié)果表明，東、西、南、北四個(gè)朝向的建筑外墻使用熱反射涂料后，均可降低房間全年空調(diào)能耗，新建辦公建筑各朝向外墻對房間全年總能耗的節(jié)能率分別為東墻4.49%，西墻4.01%，南墻3.02%和北墻2.79%；既有辦公建筑各朝向外墻對房間全年總能耗的節(jié)能率分別為東墻6.49%，西墻5.45%，南墻3.98%和北墻3.98%。 實(shí)測結(jié)果反映，熱反射外墻可明顯降低重慶地區(qū)辦公建筑夏季空調(diào)電耗，而冬季增加的空調(diào)電耗僅占夏季空調(diào)節(jié)約電耗的12.12%。同時(shí)，全年能耗仿真表明，熱反射涂料在東、西、南、北四個(gè)朝向外墻應(yīng)用中均具有較大節(jié)能潛力，尤其是東、西外墻。這些都為將來重慶地區(qū)熱反射外墻的研究和應(yīng)用推廣提供了有益參考。
[Abstract]:Since Chongqing has been under the direct jurisdiction of Chongqing, the construction of the city has developed rapidly and the living standard of people has been improving day by day, and the building energy consumption has been rising constantly. Therefore, it is urgent to seek the energy saving technology suitable for Chongqing area to realize the building energy saving. The thermal reflection coating has high reflectivity and its reflectivity is more than 0.8. The application of the roof of office buildings in Chongqing area has achieved many results and can greatly reduce the energy consumption of air conditioning in the top floor room. As the main channel of heat and humidity exchange between building and outside environment, the improvement of thermal insulation performance is very important to reduce building energy consumption and improve regional thermal environment, but the influence of heat reflection exterior wall on air conditioning energy consumption is rarely studied. In this paper, the heat insulation mechanism of the thermal reflective exterior wall is first expounded, and the heat transfer and heat dissipation of the wall are analyzed by using the theory of heat transfer and the thermal solution model of the solar radiation of the outer wall. Secondly, two rooms with the same size and orientation on the west side of a certain office building in Jiang Jin district of Chongqing are selected, in which the west exterior wall of the third floor room is painted with heat reflective wall paint, the outer wall of the fourth floor room is not treated as a control wall, and the micro electric power monitor is used. The air conditioning power consumption and room temperature in winter and summer were measured by temperature and humidity patrol instrument and infrared imager. The results show that during the testing period, the 0.066kWh/ (d m 2) of air conditioning can be reduced in summer, but the 0.008kWh/ (d m 2) is increased in winter. In order to study the energy saving effect of the external wall of office buildings with different directions in Chongqing, the new and existing office buildings with thermal reflectivity of 0.2 or 0.8 are selected as the research objects respectively. The energy consumption of air conditioning was simulated by energy consumption simulation software DesignBuilder v3.0. The comparison of the energy consumption of air conditioning in rooms with different external wall reflectivity shows that the energy consumption of air conditioning in the rooms can be reduced after the use of heat reflective coatings on the exterior walls of buildings facing east, west, south and north. The energy saving rate of the new office buildings facing the external walls is 4.49 for the east wall, 4.01 for the west wall, 3.02% for the south wall and 2.79for the north wall. The annual energy saving rate of each facade of the existing office building is 6.49 for the east wall, 5.45 for the west wall, 3.98% for the south wall and 3.98% for the north wall. The measured results show that the external wall of heat reflection can obviously reduce the power consumption of air conditioning in Chongqing area in summer, but the increase of electricity consumption of air conditioning in winter only accounts for 12.12% of the saving power consumption of air conditioning in summer. At the same time, the energy consumption simulation of the whole year shows that the heat reflective coatings have great energy saving potential in the application of east, west, south and north facing the exterior wall, especially the east and west exterior walls. All these provide a useful reference for the future research and application of thermal reflection wall in Chongqing area.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU111.195;TU831

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