海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)特性分析與動(dòng)態(tài)參數(shù)識(shí)別研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-29 07:54
【摘要】：海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)所處的工作環(huán)境極為復(fù)雜,其運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下不僅會(huì)受到風(fēng)、浪、流等多種外部動(dòng)力荷載的聯(lián)合影響而誘發(fā)風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng),形成環(huán)境荷載激勵(lì)下“機(jī)組—塔筒—基礎(chǔ)—地基”耦合系統(tǒng)的隨機(jī)振動(dòng)問(wèn)題;同時(shí)機(jī)組運(yùn)行還會(huì)帶來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)部機(jī)械、電磁以及工作設(shè)備等原因發(fā)生振動(dòng)從而引起結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)多諧波激勵(lì)共同作用下的強(qiáng)迫振動(dòng)現(xiàn)象。不同特性的外部荷載激勵(lì)作用在風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)上會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的體現(xiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的動(dòng)態(tài)特性指標(biāo),主要包括結(jié)構(gòu)運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的工作模態(tài)、振動(dòng)振源以及激勵(lì)荷載等。這些動(dòng)態(tài)指標(biāo)不僅有利于準(zhǔn)確把握風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在工作狀態(tài)下的振動(dòng)動(dòng)力特性,而且對(duì)海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在線實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)與運(yùn)行安全性評(píng)估具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。因此,本文針對(duì)以上有關(guān)海上風(fēng)電各關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題展開深入的研究,并取得了以下創(chuàng)新性研究成果:(1)基于現(xiàn)場(chǎng)原型觀測(cè)資料,全面分析海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在不同運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下的振動(dòng)響應(yīng)特性及其變化規(guī)律�；谀澈Ｉ巷L(fēng)電試驗(yàn)樣機(jī)原型觀測(cè)獲得的振動(dòng)位移數(shù)據(jù),首先對(duì)不同運(yùn)行工況下海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)的基本特性進(jìn)行描述。其次明確風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在復(fù)雜臺(tái)風(fēng)影響期間結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)與運(yùn)行因素間的相互關(guān)系。最后驗(yàn)證包括環(huán)境風(fēng)速、葉輪轉(zhuǎn)速及機(jī)組負(fù)荷等多種運(yùn)行因素間存在的同步性特征,探討各運(yùn)行因素對(duì)海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的影響機(jī)理及相應(yīng)變化規(guī)律,并論證了風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在不同工作狀態(tài)下具有較好的振動(dòng)安全性。(2)提出一套適用于不同程度諧波激勵(lì)下海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)的工作模態(tài)識(shí)別方法,減少了強(qiáng)諧波干擾對(duì)識(shí)別精度的影響。以現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)測(cè)振動(dòng)位移數(shù)據(jù)為研究對(duì)象,針對(duì)海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下受到不同程度諧波激勵(lì)影響所體現(xiàn)的相異振動(dòng)特性,結(jié)合組合降噪理論提出一套適用于海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在諧波激勵(lì)影響下的工作模態(tài)識(shí)別方法。該方法以特征系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)法(ERA)與概率密度函數(shù)法(PDF)為理論基礎(chǔ),考慮強(qiáng)諧波激勵(lì)影響并在Hankel矩陣中加入已知的諧波頻率干擾成分,達(dá)到結(jié)構(gòu)系統(tǒng)特征矩陣中諧波成分與結(jié)構(gòu)固有模態(tài)信息完全分離的目的,為海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在線實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)提供了有效的方法與途徑。此外,再提出一種考慮諧波修正的SSI法(HM-SSI),利用懸臂梁模型說(shuō)明新方法在識(shí)別精度和穩(wěn)定性上的優(yōu)越性以及對(duì)諧波頻率、噪聲程度與諧波幅度等干擾的魯棒性,進(jìn)而對(duì)海上風(fēng)機(jī)多種高轉(zhuǎn)速運(yùn)行工況下工作模態(tài)參數(shù)進(jìn)行識(shí)別并通過(guò)共振校核方法評(píng)估風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)具有良好的運(yùn)行安全性。(3)構(gòu)建了基于譜峭度的振源識(shí)別方法,識(shí)別明確了海上風(fēng)機(jī)實(shí)際運(yùn)行各工況的振源種類、主振源及其變化規(guī)律。針對(duì)工作狀態(tài)下誘發(fā)風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的振源類型及振源機(jī)理尚不明確的問(wèn)題,開展海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)振源識(shí)別及其隨運(yùn)行因素變化特性與規(guī)律的研究。首先引入譜峭度理論以分辨結(jié)構(gòu)特定頻率振動(dòng)所體現(xiàn)隨機(jī)或諧波特性,討論風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)在運(yùn)行狀態(tài)下響應(yīng)中出現(xiàn)的主要頻分信息及結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)可能振源的形成機(jī)理,識(shí)別確定引起海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的主要振源類型與相應(yīng)頻域信息。其次深入研究風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)不同位置的振源分布規(guī)律及能量變化特征,明確誘發(fā)結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)各主要振源及其對(duì)應(yīng)能量隨運(yùn)行因素變化的規(guī)律,說(shuō)明各主要振源振動(dòng)與整體振動(dòng)幅度間的變化影響關(guān)系。最后精細(xì)劃分諧波激勵(lì)振源中關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)頻(1P)與倍頻(主要為3P)部分的能量,論證了轉(zhuǎn)頻頻率(1P)在風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)共振校核中的重要性。(4)提出了海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力荷載參數(shù)的定量?jī)?yōu)化識(shí)別方法,基于實(shí)測(cè)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)全面分析風(fēng)電結(jié)構(gòu)靜、動(dòng)荷載的影響因素和變化規(guī)律。針對(duì)在海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)所受到的環(huán)境荷載無(wú)法具體通過(guò)實(shí)測(cè)方法獲得的工程難題,一方面,基于原型觀測(cè)的動(dòng)態(tài)應(yīng)變數(shù)據(jù)給出風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)筒頂?shù)刃ъo態(tài)荷載的理論求解方法,定性地研究不同運(yùn)行工況下結(jié)構(gòu)整體荷載的變化規(guī)律及安全性。另一方面,以停機(jī)工況下風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)為研究對(duì)象,綜合考慮結(jié)構(gòu)的普遍受力機(jī)理構(gòu)建“海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力荷載參數(shù)模型”,提出建立了“海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力荷載參數(shù)的定量?jī)?yōu)化識(shí)別程序系統(tǒng)”。充分利用不同工況下實(shí)測(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)多點(diǎn)振動(dòng)響應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù),基于粒子群優(yōu)化算法(PSO)循環(huán)調(diào)用風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)等效數(shù)值模型,以尋優(yōu)思想反饋分析并歸納關(guān)鍵動(dòng)力荷載參數(shù),對(duì)適用于實(shí)際海上風(fēng)電工程的定常阻力與非定常升力系數(shù)隨環(huán)境因素變化的動(dòng)態(tài)規(guī)律進(jìn)行研究。同時(shí),通過(guò)對(duì)停機(jī)狀態(tài)下動(dòng)力荷載參數(shù)的優(yōu)化識(shí)別,探究了海上風(fēng)機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)實(shí)際工況下所受環(huán)境激勵(lì)特性及荷載模擬中關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的選取范圍與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
[Abstract]:The working environment of the offshore fan structure is very complex, and its running state is not only affected by the combined influence of wind, wave and flow and other external dynamic loads, which induces the vibration of the fan structure, and forms the random vibration problem of the "unit tower foundation foundation" coupling system under the environment load, and the operation of the unit will bring the knot at the same time. The vibration of the internal mechanical, electromagnetic, and working equipment causes the forced vibration of the structure under the joint action of multi harmonic excitation. The external load excitation of different characteristics will produce different dynamic characteristics of the structural vibration on the fan structure, mainly including the working mode of the structure operation state. These dynamic indexes are not only helpful to accurately grasp the vibration dynamic characteristics of the fan structure in the working state, but also have important guiding significance for the on-line real-time monitoring and operation safety assessment of the offshore fan structure. The following innovative research results are obtained as follows: (1) based on the field prototype observation data, the vibration response characteristics and the change rules of the offshore fan structure in different operating conditions are comprehensively analyzed. The data of the vibration displacement based on the prototype observation of a marine wind power test prototype, first of all, the offshore wind turbine junction under different operating conditions. The basic characteristics of the vibration response are described. Secondly, the relationship between the structure vibration and the operating factors of the structure during the complex typhoon is clarifies. Finally, the synchronization characteristics of various operating factors including the ambient wind speed, the impeller speed and the unit load are verified, and the vibration of the offshore fan structure is explored by the various operating factors. The influence mechanism and the corresponding change law, and demonstrate that the fan structure has better vibration safety under different working conditions. (2) a set of working mode identification method is put forward for the structure of the offshore fan under different harmonic excitation, which reduces the influence of the strong harmonic interference on the recognition precision. In view of the different vibration characteristics of the structure of the offshore fan under the influence of harmonic excitation under different degree of operation, a set of working modal identification method for the structure of the offshore fan under the influence of harmonic excitation is proposed in combination with the theory of combined noise reduction. The method is based on the ERA and the probability density function method (PD F) for the theoretical basis, considering the influence of strong harmonic excitation and adding the known harmonic frequency interference components in the Hankel matrix, the purpose of completely separating the harmonic components from the inherent modal information in the structural system characteristic matrix is to provide an effective method and way for the on-line real-time monitoring of the offshore fan structure. In addition, a test is put forward. The SSI method (HM-SSI), considering the harmonic correction, is used to illustrate the superiority of the new method in the recognition accuracy and stability, the robustness to the harmonic frequency, the noise degree and the amplitude of the harmonic, and then to identify the working modal parameters of the sea fan under various high rotational speed operating conditions and evaluate the wind through resonance checking. The structure of the machine has good operational safety. (3) a method of vibration source identification based on spectral kurtosis is constructed to identify the types of vibration sources, the main source and the changing rules of the actual operating conditions of the offshore fan. The study of the identification of the vibration source and its characteristics and laws with the operating factors. First, the spectral kurtosis theory is introduced to distinguish the random or harmonic characteristics of the structure specific frequency vibration. The main frequency information in the response of the fan structure and the formation mechanism of the possible vibrational source of the structural vibration are discussed, and the identification and determination of the sea are made. The main vibration source type and the corresponding frequency domain information of the fan structure vibration. Secondly, the distribution law of the vibration source and the characteristics of the energy change in the different position of the fan structure are deeply studied, and the rules of the main vibration sources and their corresponding energy changes with the operating factors are clearly induced, and the changes between the vibration of the main vibratory sources and the whole vibration amplitude are illustrated. In the end, the importance of frequency frequency (1P) in the resonance check of the fan structure is demonstrated by fine division of the energy of 1P and frequency doubling (mainly 3P). (4) a quantitative optimization method for the dynamic load parameters of the offshore fan structure is proposed, and the static analysis of wind power structure based on the measured vibration response is given. The influence factor and the change law of the dynamic load. On the one hand, based on the dynamic strain data of the prototype observation, the theoretical solution method of the equivalent static load of the fan structure is given on the one hand, and the structure under different operating conditions is qualitatively studied. On the other hand, on the other hand, taking the wind turbine structure as the research object, considering the universal stress mechanism of the structure, the dynamic load parameter model of the offshore fan structure is constructed, and a quantitative optimization identification program system for the dynamic load parameters of the offshore fan structure is proposed. In the same working condition, the multi point vibration response data of the structure are measured. Based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) cycle, the equivalent numerical model of the fan structure is called. In order to find the optimal thought feedback analysis and induce the key dynamic load parameters, the dynamic law of the constant resistance and the unsteady lift coefficient with the environmental factors is applied to the actual offshore wind power engineering. At the same time, the selection range and standard of the key parameters in the actual working conditions of the offshore wind turbine and the key parameters in the load simulation are explored through the optimization identification of the dynamic load parameters under the downtime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU317
，
本文編號(hào)：2152020
[Abstract]:The working environment of the offshore fan structure is very complex, and its running state is not only affected by the combined influence of wind, wave and flow and other external dynamic loads, which induces the vibration of the fan structure, and forms the random vibration problem of the "unit tower foundation foundation" coupling system under the environment load, and the operation of the unit will bring the knot at the same time. The vibration of the internal mechanical, electromagnetic, and working equipment causes the forced vibration of the structure under the joint action of multi harmonic excitation. The external load excitation of different characteristics will produce different dynamic characteristics of the structural vibration on the fan structure, mainly including the working mode of the structure operation state. These dynamic indexes are not only helpful to accurately grasp the vibration dynamic characteristics of the fan structure in the working state, but also have important guiding significance for the on-line real-time monitoring and operation safety assessment of the offshore fan structure. The following innovative research results are obtained as follows: (1) based on the field prototype observation data, the vibration response characteristics and the change rules of the offshore fan structure in different operating conditions are comprehensively analyzed. The data of the vibration displacement based on the prototype observation of a marine wind power test prototype, first of all, the offshore wind turbine junction under different operating conditions. The basic characteristics of the vibration response are described. Secondly, the relationship between the structure vibration and the operating factors of the structure during the complex typhoon is clarifies. Finally, the synchronization characteristics of various operating factors including the ambient wind speed, the impeller speed and the unit load are verified, and the vibration of the offshore fan structure is explored by the various operating factors. The influence mechanism and the corresponding change law, and demonstrate that the fan structure has better vibration safety under different working conditions. (2) a set of working mode identification method is put forward for the structure of the offshore fan under different harmonic excitation, which reduces the influence of the strong harmonic interference on the recognition precision. In view of the different vibration characteristics of the structure of the offshore fan under the influence of harmonic excitation under different degree of operation, a set of working modal identification method for the structure of the offshore fan under the influence of harmonic excitation is proposed in combination with the theory of combined noise reduction. The method is based on the ERA and the probability density function method (PD F) for the theoretical basis, considering the influence of strong harmonic excitation and adding the known harmonic frequency interference components in the Hankel matrix, the purpose of completely separating the harmonic components from the inherent modal information in the structural system characteristic matrix is to provide an effective method and way for the on-line real-time monitoring of the offshore fan structure. In addition, a test is put forward. The SSI method (HM-SSI), considering the harmonic correction, is used to illustrate the superiority of the new method in the recognition accuracy and stability, the robustness to the harmonic frequency, the noise degree and the amplitude of the harmonic, and then to identify the working modal parameters of the sea fan under various high rotational speed operating conditions and evaluate the wind through resonance checking. The structure of the machine has good operational safety. (3) a method of vibration source identification based on spectral kurtosis is constructed to identify the types of vibration sources, the main source and the changing rules of the actual operating conditions of the offshore fan. The study of the identification of the vibration source and its characteristics and laws with the operating factors. First, the spectral kurtosis theory is introduced to distinguish the random or harmonic characteristics of the structure specific frequency vibration. The main frequency information in the response of the fan structure and the formation mechanism of the possible vibrational source of the structural vibration are discussed, and the identification and determination of the sea are made. The main vibration source type and the corresponding frequency domain information of the fan structure vibration. Secondly, the distribution law of the vibration source and the characteristics of the energy change in the different position of the fan structure are deeply studied, and the rules of the main vibration sources and their corresponding energy changes with the operating factors are clearly induced, and the changes between the vibration of the main vibratory sources and the whole vibration amplitude are illustrated. In the end, the importance of frequency frequency (1P) in the resonance check of the fan structure is demonstrated by fine division of the energy of 1P and frequency doubling (mainly 3P). (4) a quantitative optimization method for the dynamic load parameters of the offshore fan structure is proposed, and the static analysis of wind power structure based on the measured vibration response is given. The influence factor and the change law of the dynamic load. On the one hand, based on the dynamic strain data of the prototype observation, the theoretical solution method of the equivalent static load of the fan structure is given on the one hand, and the structure under different operating conditions is qualitatively studied. On the other hand, on the other hand, taking the wind turbine structure as the research object, considering the universal stress mechanism of the structure, the dynamic load parameter model of the offshore fan structure is constructed, and a quantitative optimization identification program system for the dynamic load parameters of the offshore fan structure is proposed. In the same working condition, the multi point vibration response data of the structure are measured. Based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) cycle, the equivalent numerical model of the fan structure is called. In order to find the optimal thought feedback analysis and induce the key dynamic load parameters, the dynamic law of the constant resistance and the unsteady lift coefficient with the environmental factors is applied to the actual offshore wind power engineering. At the same time, the selection range and standard of the key parameters in the actual working conditions of the offshore wind turbine and the key parameters in the load simulation are explored through the optimization identification of the dynamic load parameters under the downtime.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU317
，
本文編號(hào)：2152020
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