【摘要】：由于我國許多城市大氣霧霾的頻頻爆發(fā)，人們越來越關(guān)注室內(nèi)的顆粒物污染問題，而在顆粒物污染中，目前評價的指標(biāo)是PM10和PM2.5。同時，中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)承擔(dān)著控制室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì)的任務(wù)，其通過內(nèi)部安裝的過濾器對送風(fēng)氣流中的顆粒物進(jìn)行過濾，所以，在現(xiàn)今室外顆粒物濃度較高的情形下，研究空調(diào)過濾器對建筑室內(nèi)顆粒物，特別是顆粒物PM10和PM2.5的控制有重要意義。 現(xiàn)有的空氣過濾器大多是按計數(shù)效率進(jìn)行的標(biāo)定，而頒布的室內(nèi)、外空氣質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對PM10、PM2.5給出的均是計重濃度，由此導(dǎo)致了過濾器的設(shè)計計算效率與過濾器選型之間的矛盾。此外，我國現(xiàn)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并未對室內(nèi)細(xì)顆粒物PM2.5的質(zhì)量濃度做出規(guī)定。因此，無法針對控制室內(nèi)PM10和PM2.5濃度進(jìn)行過濾器的選型。 本文針對以上問題，通過理論和實驗兩個主要部分對課題展開了研究。具體的研究方法和主要結(jié)論如下： 理論研究：(1)建立室內(nèi)顆粒物濃度模型，通過實例校核了已有規(guī)定的空調(diào)送風(fēng)氣流中PM10濃度限值是否能滿足室內(nèi)PM10濃度限值的要求；(2)討論了室內(nèi)PM2.5的濃度限值，給出了建議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值，并結(jié)合建立的顆粒物濃度模型，計算出空調(diào)送風(fēng)氣流中PM2.5的濃度限值；(3)根據(jù)送風(fēng)氣流中和室內(nèi)PM10、PM2.5的濃度限值，通過計算得到了中央空調(diào)系統(tǒng)過濾器理論匹配關(guān)系；(4)繪制了過濾器效率匹配線算圖和新、回風(fēng)過濾器對主過濾器影響程度圖，針對不同室外條件和新風(fēng)比，給出了新、回風(fēng)過濾器效率的調(diào)控建議。 實驗研究：(1)搭建了濾料性能測試實驗臺，測試了現(xiàn)有濾料在不同濾速下對PM10、PM2.5計重效率及相應(yīng)的阻力值；(2)應(yīng)用最小二乘法對實驗數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行了擬合，得到了濾速與效率、阻力的關(guān)系曲線，并計算出工程應(yīng)用濾速范圍內(nèi)，各級別濾料效率值和阻力值；(3)分析了濾速與過濾效率、阻力之間的關(guān)系，對各級別濾料的應(yīng)用濾速給出了建議。(4)匯總各級別濾料在其工程應(yīng)用濾速下的效率和阻力范圍，針對PM10和PM2.5的過濾效率繪制成圖。 最后，將理論研究和實驗研究相結(jié)合，通過分析和對比，得到了針對不同形式的空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，不同工況下，滿足室內(nèi)PM10和PM2.5濃度要求的過濾器級別匹配關(guān)系。 主要結(jié)論： (1)給出PM2.5的室內(nèi)建議標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濃度值35μg/m3，在此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)濃度值下，空調(diào)送風(fēng)氣流中PM2.5質(zhì)量濃度應(yīng)≤26.3μg/m3。 (2)增大新、回風(fēng)過濾器的效率可緩解主過濾器的負(fù)擔(dān)；隨著新風(fēng)比S和室外顆粒物濃度的增大，新風(fēng)過濾器效率對主過濾器效率的影響程度逐漸增大。 (3)當(dāng)新風(fēng)比S≤15%，室外PM10濃度≤0.85mg/m3時，，調(diào)高回風(fēng)過濾器效率對緩解主過濾器的負(fù)擔(dān)更有效；當(dāng)新風(fēng)比S≤15%，室外PM2.5濃度≤0.20mg/m3時，調(diào)高回風(fēng)過濾器效率對緩解主過濾器的負(fù)擔(dān)更有效。 (4)建議應(yīng)用G1~G4級別范圍濾料時，減小濾速至1.9m/s左右，應(yīng)用F5級別的濾料時，增大濾速至0.77m/s左右，以提高過濾效率。 (5)建議在選用較高級別的濾料時，盡可能將濾速控制在較小的范圍之內(nèi)；各濾料的阻力特性曲線基本呈一條上揚(yáng)的弧線。 (6)繪制了各級別濾料在其工程應(yīng)用濾速下，對PM10、PM2.5的過濾效率及相應(yīng)的阻力范圍圖；得到了不同形式空調(diào)系統(tǒng)，過濾器的級別匹配選型表。
[Abstract]:Because of the frequent eruption of air haze in many cities of our country, people pay more and more attention to the problem of indoor particulate matter pollution. In the particle pollution, the current evaluation index is PM10 and PM2.5.. The central air conditioning system assumes the task of controlling the indoor air quality, and its internal installation filter is used for the particles in the air supply air flow. Therefore, it is of great significance to study air conditioning filters for the control of indoor particles, especially particles PM10 and PM2.5, in the case of high concentration of outdoor particles.
Most of the existing air filters are calibrated according to the counting efficiency, and the indoor and external air quality standards issued by the PM10 and PM2.5 are all concentration, which leads to the contradiction between the design efficiency of the filter and the type selection of the filter. In addition, the existing standards in our country do not do the concentration of the indoor fine particles PM2.5. Therefore, it is impossible to select the filter for the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 in the control room.
In view of the above problems, two main parts of theory and experiment have been studied in this paper. The specific research methods and main conclusions are as follows:
Theoretical research: (1) establish the indoor particle concentration model, verify the requirements of the PM10 concentration limit in the air conditioning air flow of the existing air conditioning air flow through an example. (2) the concentration limit of the indoor PM2.5 is discussed, the recommended standard value is given, and the air conditioning air supply is calculated by combining the established model of particle concentration. The concentration limit of PM2.5 in the air flow; (3) according to the concentration limit of air flow and indoor PM10 and PM2.5, the theoretical matching relation of the filter in the central air conditioning system is obtained. (4) the figure of the filter efficiency matching line and the influence of the return air filter on the main filter are drawn, and the different outdoor conditions and the new air ratio are given. A new control suggestion for the efficiency of the return air filter.
Experimental research: (1) set up the test bed of filter performance test, test the weight efficiency of PM10 and PM2.5 and corresponding resistance value of the existing filter material at different filtration speed. (2) using the least square method to fit the experimental data, and get the relation curve of the filter speed and efficiency and resistance, and calculate the filtration rate in the range of the engineering application and the different filters at all levels. The value of the material efficiency and the resistance value; (3) the relationship between the filtration rate and the filtration efficiency and the resistance is analyzed. The suggestions for the filtration rate of the filter materials at all levels are given. (4) the efficiency and resistance range of all levels of filter material under the filtration rate of the engineering application are summarized, and the drawing of the filtration efficiency of PM10 and PM2.5 is drawn.
Finally, the theoretical research and experimental research are combined. Through the analysis and comparison, the filter level matching relationship is obtained for the different air conditioning systems and under the different working conditions to meet the requirements of the indoor PM10 and PM2.5 concentration.
The main conclusions are as follows:
(1) the indoor recommended standard concentration of PM2.5 is 35 micron g/m3. Under this standard concentration, the mass concentration of PM2.5 in the air supply airflow should be less than 26.3 g/m3..
(2) increasing the efficiency of the air filter can relieve the burden of the main filter. With the increase of the new air ratio S and the concentration of outdoor particles, the effect of the new air filter efficiency on the efficiency of the main filter is gradually increased.
(3) when the new wind is less than S < 15% and the outdoor PM10 concentration is less than 0.85mg/m3, the efficiency of adjusting the air filter efficiency is more effective to relieve the burden of the main filter. When the new wind is less than 15% and the outdoor PM2.5 concentration is less than 0.20mg/m3, the efficiency of the air filter is more effective to alleviate the burden of the main filter.
(4) it is recommended to reduce filtration rate to about 1.9m/s when applying G1~G4 grade filter media. When applying F5 grade filter media, increase filtration speed to 0.77m/s, so as to improve filtration efficiency.
(5) it is suggested that the filter speed should be controlled in a small range as much as possible when the higher grade filter material is selected, and the resistance curve of each filter is basically a rising arc.
(6) the filter efficiency of PM10 and PM2.5 and the corresponding resistance range chart are drawn under the filter speed of each grade, and the selection table of the level matching of different air conditioning systems and filters is obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU83

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