【摘要】：硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料以其輕質、較高的壓縮強度、優(yōu)良的隔熱保溫性能，施工成型方便，而廣泛應用于國防、交通、建筑等部門。尤其是其極低的熱導率使它的絕熱性能遠遠優(yōu)于其他同類材料，因此目前主要用于保溫行業(yè)。但硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料由于對工人技術要求較高且綜合造價投入較大，目前使用率僅占我國外墻保溫市場的10%。為解決硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料在我國外墻保溫市場使用率低的問題，本文提出在制備硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料的過程中加入聚苯乙烯泡沫顆粒，合成硬質聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯復合泡沫塑料，在保證各項性能指標的前提下，以此來降低成本，節(jié)約能源，迎合我國保溫材料市場的需求。 通過單因素試驗分析探討了交聯劑（TMP）、發(fā)泡劑（H2O）、擴鏈劑（BDO）、泡沫穩(wěn)定劑（B8433）及多異氰酸酯指數等因素對硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料力學強度，韌性及導熱系數等性能的影響，研究發(fā)現選擇多亞甲基多苯基多異氰酸酯（PM 100）指數為1.05、聚酯多元醇（Raynol Ps 4002）100份、交聯劑（TMP）1.2份、發(fā)泡劑（H2O）0.5份、擴鏈劑(BDO)1.2份、泡沫穩(wěn)定劑（B8433）1.5份時，硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料力學強度最為理想。還通過改變多元醇種類，發(fā)現聚酯多元醇（PS 3152）和聚醚多元醇（TMN-450）制備出的硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料的力學強度、韌性、導熱系數等性能相對最佳。 在制備硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料的基礎上，通過一步法制備了硬質聚氨酯/聚苯乙烯復合泡沫塑料，并考察了聚苯乙烯泡沫顆粒與復合泡沫塑料的壓縮強度、導熱系數的關系。研究發(fā)現，，隨著聚苯乙烯泡沫顆粒用量的增多，相比純硬質聚氨酯泡沫塑料，復合泡沫塑料的壓縮強度會提高，導熱系數會降低。
[Abstract]:Rigid polyurethane foam is widely used in national defense, transportation, construction and other departments because of its light weight, high compression strength, excellent thermal insulation, convenient construction. Especially its very low thermal conductivity makes its thermal insulation performance far superior to other similar materials, so it is mainly used in insulation industry. However, rigid polyurethane foam has a high technical requirement for workers and a large cost investment, so the utilization rate of rigid polyurethane foam is only 10% of the external wall insulation market in our country at present. In order to solve the problem of low utilization rate of rigid polyurethane foam in the external wall insulation market of our country, this paper proposes to add polystyrene foam particles in the process of preparing rigid polyurethane foam. The rigid polyurethane / polystyrene composite foams were synthesized in order to reduce the cost, save energy and meet the needs of our country's heat preservation material market on the premise of guaranteeing various performance indexes. The effects of crosslinking agent (TMP), foaming agent (H2O), chain extender (BDO), foam stabilizer (B8433) and polyisocyanate index on mechanical strength, toughness and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foam were investigated by single factor test. It was found that when the index of polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanate (PM) was 1.05 phr, the polyester-polyol (Raynol PS) 4002 phr, crosslinking agent (TMP) 1.2 phr, foaming agent (H2O) 0.5 phr, chain extender (BDO) 1.2 phr, foam stabilizer (B8433) 1.5 phr. The mechanical strength of rigid polyurethane foam is the most ideal. By changing the types of polyols, it was found that the mechanical strength, toughness and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane foam prepared from polyester polyol (PS 3152) and polyether polyol (TMN-450) were relatively best. Based on the preparation of rigid polyurethane foam plastics, rigid polyurethane / polystyrene composite foams were prepared by one-step method, and the relationship between the compression strength and thermal conductivity of polystyrene foam particles and composite foam plastics was investigated. It is found that with the increase of the amount of polystyrene foam particles, the compression strength and thermal conductivity of composite foam plastics will increase compared with those of pure rigid polyurethane foam plastics.
【學位授予單位】：武漢科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU551

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