發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-07-03 10:48

  本文選題：窗 + 傳統(tǒng)��； 參考：《南京大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：傳統(tǒng)建筑中的窗因形式意義非常豐富,又是“外部封閉、內(nèi)部洞達(dá)”的傳統(tǒng)空間格局形成的重要元素,當(dāng)下建筑實(shí)踐中有諸多對(duì)傳統(tǒng)建筑中的窗進(jìn)行傳承演繹的實(shí)例。暫且不論傳承的好壞,傳承發(fā)生的層面是非常多樣的,如何厘清這種“變形的窗”與傳統(tǒng)中的“原型”之間的形式關(guān)系,筆者以為需要對(duì)傳統(tǒng)建筑中的窗設(shè)計(jì)的基本元素進(jìn)行抽離,建立一定的分析方法體系才能實(shí)現(xiàn)。以往對(duì)傳統(tǒng)建筑中的窗的研究多是從構(gòu)造層面對(duì)不同類型的窗進(jìn)行一一解剖,除卻提供了研究資料外對(duì)當(dāng)代創(chuàng)作的應(yīng)用影響甚微�；诖嗽诒疚牡诙鹿P者提出“基于建造與模度規(guī)律的傳統(tǒng)窗原型分析體系”對(duì)窗的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行解析。建造是指從“墻”到“窗”的建造體系,墻體的建造邏輯分為砌筑式墻體和板壁式墻體,窗的建造邏輯可分解為洞口意義和窗扇意義。砌筑式墻體既包涵挖去的洞口也包涵加上去的窗扇構(gòu)件,而板壁式墻體則只有加上去的窗扇的構(gòu)件意義。模度是指窗與人體尺度的關(guān)系,傳統(tǒng)建筑的建造是以人體尺度為基本的衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。窗作為采光、通風(fēng)以及觀景通道,人體尺度是其基本的設(shè)計(jì)要素。根據(jù)“建造與模度規(guī)律”的方法,傳統(tǒng)窗原型首先分類為檐墻窗、院墻窗和山墻窗,不同載體上再根據(jù)洞口的下皮高度或中心高度與人的腰高、胸高、視高和身高的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系一一分類,再下一個(gè)層級(jí)即是根據(jù)窗扇的有無(wú)、開(kāi)啟等進(jìn)行細(xì)分。在提出“建造和模度規(guī)律”的分析體系后,第三章展開(kāi)了對(duì)傳統(tǒng)窗原型的構(gòu)成分析。在檐墻窗的原型抽取中,因各類窗大多是由長(zhǎng)窗變化而來(lái)或者跟長(zhǎng)窗配套,所以抽取長(zhǎng)窗與檻窗結(jié)合作為基本的原型；而二層開(kāi)窗的情況受制于一層檐口結(jié)構(gòu),所以結(jié)合一層檐口結(jié)構(gòu)的分類進(jìn)行分析。院墻窗的原型抽取要素為一是洞口與視高的關(guān)系；二是洞口大小與人體行為之間的關(guān)系；三是窗扇芯屜的不同。山墻窗的抽取要素為一是窗室內(nèi)下皮的高度,二是窗扇的開(kāi)啟方式的不同。第四章則過(guò)渡到對(duì)當(dāng)代窗變體的構(gòu)成分析以及評(píng)判。分析評(píng)判的視角一是基于“窗”與建筑的關(guān)系的變與未變,二是關(guān)于窗的“傳統(tǒng)性”的三個(gè)要素(構(gòu)造工法、樣式和尺度感)的變與未變。接下來(lái)同樣要對(duì)變體進(jìn)行分類,分為以下三類：一是由檐墻窗演變而來(lái),多是對(duì)傳統(tǒng)天井四周“連續(xù)、開(kāi)啟、精致的格扇”的合院表情進(jìn)行的演繹；二是由院墻窗演變而來(lái),則多從園林建筑中窗與景與人關(guān)系的設(shè)置上傳承演變；三是當(dāng)代創(chuàng)作中一些表皮類型的變體。然后是對(duì)每一類變體首先進(jìn)行縱向的與原型之間的對(duì)比,指出其在“建造和模度”各個(gè)層面上的變與未變；再將每一類相互之間做橫向的對(duì)比,盡力挖掘出當(dāng)代創(chuàng)作中對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的演繹的多樣性。
[Abstract]:The window in the traditional architecture is very rich in formal meaning, and it is also an important element in the formation of the traditional spatial pattern of "external closure, internal hole access". There are many examples of the inheritance and deduction of the window in the traditional architecture in the present architectural practice. Regardless of whether the inheritance is good or bad, the layers in which inheritance occurs are very diverse. How to clarify the formal relationship between this "distorted window" and the "prototype" in the tradition? The author thinks that it is necessary to detach the basic elements of the window design in the traditional architecture and establish a certain analytical method system to realize it. In the past, most of the researches on windows in traditional architecture were dissected one by one from the structural layers facing different types of windows, except for the research materials provided, which had little influence on the application of contemporary creation. Based on this, in the second chapter of this paper, the author puts forward "the traditional window prototype analysis system based on the law of construction and modulus" to analyze the window design. Construction refers to the construction system from "wall" to "window". The construction logic of the wall can be divided into masonry wall and slab wall, and the window construction logic can be divided into the significance of the opening and the significance of the window. The masonry wall contains both the excavated hole and the added window member, while the slab wall has only the significance of the added window sash. Modularity refers to the relationship between window and human scale, and the construction of traditional architecture is based on human scale. Windows as lighting, ventilation and viewing channels, human scale is the basic design elements. According to the method of "Construction and Modulus Law", the traditional window prototype is classified as eaves wall window, courtyard wall window and gable wall window, and then according to the height of the lower skin or center of the hole and the height of the waist and chest, different carriers are used. The corresponding relationship between height and visual height is classified one by one, and then the next level is subdivided according to the existence and opening of window sashes. After putting forward the analysis system of "Construction and Modulus Law", the third chapter analyzes the structure of the traditional window prototype. In the prototype extraction of eaves wall windows, because most of the windows are changed by long windows or matched with long windows, the combination of long windows and sill windows is taken as the basic prototype; and the condition of opening windows on the second floor is restricted by the structure of the cornice on the first floor. Therefore, combined with a layer of cornice structure classification analysis. The archetypal extraction elements of the wall window are the relationship between the orifice and the apparent height, the relationship between the size of the hole and the human body behavior, and the difference of the window core drawer. The extraction elements of the gable window are the height of the interior skin and the different opening way of the window sash. The fourth chapter is to analyze and judge the contemporary window variants. The angle of view of analysis and evaluation is based on the change or immutability of the relationship between "window" and architecture, and the change and immutability of the three elements (construction method, style and sense of scale) of the "tradition" of window. Next, the variants will also be classified into the following three categories: one is the evolution from the eaves, walls and windows, most of which is the interpretation of the "continuous, open, exquisite lattice fan" expression around the traditional patio; the other is the evolution from the courtyard wall window. It mainly inherits and evolves from the setting of the relationship between windows and scenery and people in the garden architecture; third, the variation of some epidermis types in contemporary creation. Then there is a vertical and prototype comparison of each variant, pointing out whether it has changed or not at all levels of "construction and modularity," and then contrasting each other horizontally with each other. Try to excavate the diversity of traditional interpretation in contemporary creation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TU228

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