本文選題：LID + BMPs　； 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：城市化的快速發(fā)展，擾亂了區(qū)域原有的水文循環(huán)過程，，使城市化區(qū)域的雨洪災(zāi)害增多，近年來許多城市都發(fā)生了嚴(yán)重的城市內(nèi)澇災(zāi)害，使城市部分功能癱瘓、生命財產(chǎn)損失慘重。本研究針對我國北方城市的降雨特征和城市化區(qū)域的特點，建立基于低影響開發(fā)（Low impact development，LID）的城市化區(qū)域可持續(xù)雨水排水系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃框架，并在研究區(qū)域內(nèi)進行雨水管理措施的布局規(guī)劃研究。 首先，將雨水管理理念融合到城市區(qū)域規(guī)劃中，建立城市化可持續(xù)雨水排水系統(tǒng)的規(guī)劃原則、規(guī)劃步驟和規(guī)劃框架。本研究使用美國環(huán)保署（USEPA）開發(fā)的SUSTAIN模型作為區(qū)域雨水管理措施規(guī)劃布局的輔助工具，結(jié)合規(guī)劃框架對城市化區(qū)域的雨水排水系統(tǒng)進行規(guī)劃布局和方案決策。 本研究以天津某大學(xué)教學(xué)生活區(qū)為研究區(qū)域，對研究區(qū)域的降雨特征和徑流特征進行監(jiān)測和分析。分析結(jié)果表明，研究區(qū)域近年來每年發(fā)生大雨、暴雨和大暴雨的概率之和約為19.5%，在發(fā)生這類降雨事件時一般會發(fā)生不同程度的內(nèi)澇。本研究監(jiān)測的降雨徑流中的COD、NH3-N、TP和SS的場次平均濃度（EMC）均高于相關(guān)地表水體水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的水質(zhì)要求，會對受納水體造成嚴(yán)重危害。 分析總結(jié)BMP數(shù)據(jù)庫中幾類應(yīng)用成熟的雨水管理措施的徑流控制能力，將措施分為就地攔截/處理措施、徑流過程處理措施和區(qū)域儲存/處理措施3大類，根據(jù)雨水排水系統(tǒng)規(guī)劃原則建立措施初選原則，初選LID和BMP措施。然后，建立了基于層次分析法和Monte Carlo模擬的雨水管理措施分類評估體系，對評估指標(biāo)建立措施表現(xiàn)方程，計算準(zhǔn)則的權(quán)重分布，再通過集結(jié)方法計算措施的綜合評分分布。最終，確定綠屋頂、雨水罐、植物過濾帶、生物蓄留池作為LID措施，濕式滯留池作為BMP措施進行下一步布局規(guī)劃。 收集和分析研究區(qū)域的基礎(chǔ)資料，建立基于SUSTAIN的LID和BMP措施布局與徑流模擬模型。對研究區(qū)域內(nèi)的LID和BMP措施進行組合布局設(shè)計并建立了4個情景方案，對這4個情景方案的徑流過程和徑流控制功效進行模擬和評價。模擬分析結(jié)果表明，組合布局對徑流量和污染物的控制效果要優(yōu)于單獨布局，特別是在匯水區(qū)末端建設(shè)大型BMP措施的組合方案是效果最佳的布局方案。結(jié)合研究區(qū)域的徑流特點和控制目標(biāo)對優(yōu)選方案進行優(yōu)化，得到成本-效益最優(yōu)的LID和BMP措施布局方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the original hydrological cycle of the region is disturbed, and the rain and flood disasters in the urbanized areas are increased. In recent years, many cities have had serious urban waterlogging disasters, which paralyzed some of the functions of the cities. The loss of life and property was heavy. According to the rainfall characteristics of cities in northern China and the characteristics of urbanization regions, a sustainable Rain Water drainage system planning framework for urbanization regions based on low impact development (lid) was established. And carries on the Rain Water management measure layout planning research in the research area. Firstly, the concept of Rain Water management is integrated into urban regional planning, and the planning principles, planning steps and planning framework of urbanization sustainable Rain Water drainage system are established. In this study, the SUSTAIN model developed by USEPA was used as the assistant tool for planning and layout of regional Rain Water management measures, and the planning layout and scheme decision of Rain Water drainage system in urbanized areas were carried out in combination with the planning framework. In this study, the characteristics of rainfall and runoff were monitored and analyzed in a teaching and living area of a university in Tianjin. The results show that in recent years, the probability of heavy rain and heavy rain is about 19.5, and the waterlogging will occur in different degrees. In this study, the average concentration (EMC) of CODN NH3-NU TP and SS in rainfall runoff is higher than the water quality standard of surface water body, which will cause serious harm to the receiving water body. This paper analyzes and summarizes the runoff control ability of several kinds of mature Rain Water management measures in Rain Water database. The measures are divided into three categories: local interception / treatment measures, runoff process treatment measures and regional storage / treatment measures. According to the principle of Rain Water drainage system planning, the principle of primary selection and the primary measures of lid and BMP are established. Then, the classification and evaluation system of Rain Water management measures based on AHP and Monte Carlo simulation is established. The performance equation of measures is established, the weight distribution of criteria is calculated, and the comprehensive score distribution of measures is calculated by aggregation method. Finally, the green roof, Rain Water tank, plant filter belt, biological storage tank as lid measures, wet retention tank as BMP measures for the next layout planning. The basic data of the study area were collected and analyzed, and the layout and runoff simulation models of lid and BMP measures based on SUSTAIN were established. The combined layout design of lid and BMP measures in the study area was carried out and four scenarios were established. The runoff process and runoff control efficiency of the four scenarios were simulated and evaluated. The simulation results show that the combined layout is superior to the single layout in controlling runoff and pollutants, especially the combination scheme of large-scale BMP measures at the end of catchment area is the best. Combined with the runoff characteristics and control objectives of the study area, the optimal selection scheme was optimized, and the best cost-effective layout scheme of lid and BMP measures was obtained.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU992

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