本文選題：供水管網(wǎng)物理模型 + 可靠性　； 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：城市供水管網(wǎng)是城市重要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，擔負著從水源向千家萬戶保持不間斷輸水的重任，任何導(dǎo)致用戶停水或不能及時獲得所需水量水壓的事故，都將對正常的社會生產(chǎn)和生活造成巨大的影響。研究并改善供水管網(wǎng)的可靠性，有效保障用戶對水量水壓的需求，對于提高供水企業(yè)的經(jīng)濟及社會效益具有重要的現(xiàn)實意義。本文以城市供水管網(wǎng)的可靠性為研究內(nèi)容，建立了供水管網(wǎng)物理模型，然后基于物理模型研究了剩余能量熵作為供水管網(wǎng)可靠性指標的可行性、供水管網(wǎng)可靠性的影響因素和可靠性評價方法，為供水管網(wǎng)的設(shè)計、運行、診斷和維護提供依據(jù)。 針對實際供水管網(wǎng)的隱蔽性以及直接進行實驗操作的艱巨性和風險性，提出利用物理模型研究供水管網(wǎng)中的可靠性問題。在搭建供水管網(wǎng)物理模型的基礎(chǔ)上，通過將物理模型中用戶節(jié)點的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計成“壓力變送器-電動球閥”的形式，實現(xiàn)了對用戶所需水量的模擬；通過控制管段上球閥的開度，實現(xiàn)了對物理模型中管段海曾-威廉系數(shù)的模擬。將物理模型的試驗運行數(shù)據(jù)與EPANET的水力模擬運行數(shù)據(jù)進行比較，表明物理模型試驗?zāi)茌^好地反映管網(wǎng)水力工況，滿足后續(xù)可靠性試驗研究的精度要求。 針對拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)冗余度高且剩余供水能力分布均勻的供水管網(wǎng)在應(yīng)對需水量增加、管段故障等事故方面能力強的特點，，通過引入剩余能量因子表征管段的剩余供水能力并結(jié)合“熵”的理論，提出以剩余能量熵表征剩余能量因子在節(jié)點上游各管段間分布的均勻性，建立了供水管網(wǎng)剩余能量熵計算模型。依托物理模型工況試驗對供水管網(wǎng)剩余能量熵作為可靠性度量指標的可行性進行了試驗研究。通過采集相關(guān)工況數(shù)據(jù)，計算了供水管網(wǎng)在各管段斷開工況下的剩余能量熵以及水量可靠度、水壓可靠度、流量熵、恢復(fù)力指數(shù)和剩余能量因子等可靠性指標，通過與這些經(jīng)典的供水管網(wǎng)可靠性指標進行比較，結(jié)果顯示剩余能量熵與其它指標間均存在很好的正相關(guān)關(guān)系，證實了以剩余能量熵作為供水管網(wǎng)可靠性度量指標的可行性。 供水管網(wǎng)常面臨著節(jié)點需水量增加以及爆管等問題，從改善供水可靠性兼顧節(jié)能的角度出發(fā)，基于物理模型工況試驗，分別研究了供水管網(wǎng)需水量增加導(dǎo)致可靠性降低的問題以及供水管網(wǎng)爆管并關(guān)閥后的優(yōu)化調(diào)度問題，分別建立了基于用戶節(jié)點地面標高的分區(qū)模型和以水泵運行頻率為決策變量的多目標優(yōu)化調(diào)度模型。將兩個模型分別應(yīng)用于物理模型試驗中，結(jié)果證實了兩種模型的可行性和有效性。 基于“爆管區(qū)域-爆管后果”模式，建立了供水管網(wǎng)可靠性評價模型。該模型將管段發(fā)生爆管的隨機性作為不確定性因素的來源，充分考慮了管段的可用度、用戶需水量的時變性、供水管網(wǎng)中閥門的布置情況以及優(yōu)化調(diào)度等影響可靠性的因素，能夠更真實、準確和全面地反映供水管網(wǎng)可靠性。在爆管工況試驗中，針對一一枚舉供水管網(wǎng)中各管段及其組合的不可行性，提出基于供水管網(wǎng)閥門布置情況的區(qū)域劃分法，依次對各區(qū)域內(nèi)某根管段爆管導(dǎo)致該區(qū)域被隔離后的供水管網(wǎng)進行可靠性評價，大大降低了試驗次數(shù)。
[Abstract]:Urban water supply network is an important infrastructure in the city. It takes on the responsibility of continuous water supply from water sources to thousands of families. Any accident that causes users to stop water or not to obtain water pressure in time will have a great impact on the normal social production and life. The user's demand for water and water pressure has important practical significance for improving the economic and social benefits of water supply enterprises. Based on the research content of the urban water supply network, the physical model of the water supply network is established. Then the feasibility of the residual energy entropy as the reliability index of the water supply network is studied, and the water supply pipe is based on the physical model. The influencing factors and reliability evaluation methods of the network reliability provide the basis for the design, operation, diagnosis and maintenance of the water supply network.
In view of the concealment of the actual water supply network and the arduous and risky nature of the direct experimental operation, a physical model is put forward to study the reliability problem in the water supply network. On the basis of building the physical model of the water supply network, the structure of the user node in the physical model is set into the form of "pressure transmitter electric ball valve". The simulation of the water required for the user is realized. By controlling the opening of the ball valve on the pipe section, the simulation of the sea Zeng William coefficient in the tube section of the physical model is realized. The experimental data of the physical model is compared with the hydraulic simulation data of EPANET, which shows that the physical model test can better reflect the hydraulic condition of the pipe network and meet the follow-up. The precision requirement of the reliability test research.
For the water supply network with high topology redundancy and uniform distribution of residual water supply capacity, the residual energy factor is introduced to characterize the residual water supply capacity of the pipe section by introducing residual energy factors, and the residual energy entropy is proposed to characterize the residual energy factor in the node. The residual energy entropy calculation model of the water supply pipe network is established. The feasibility of the residual energy entropy of the water supply pipe network is tested by the physical model test. The residual energy of the water supply pipe network under the disconnecting condition is calculated by collecting the relevant working conditions data. The reliability indices such as entropy, water reliability, water pressure reliability, flow entropy, recovery force index and residual energy factor are compared with the reliability indexes of these classic water supply networks. The results show that there is a good positive correlation between the residual energy entropy and other indexes, which proves that the residual energy entropy is used as the water supply network. The feasibility of the reliability measurement index.
The water supply network often faces the problems of increasing water demand and pipe blasting. From the angle of improving the water supply reliability and saving energy, based on the physical model test, the problem of reducing the reliability of water supply pipe network is studied, and the optimal scheduling problem after the pipe burst and closing the valve is established. The subarea model of the ground elevation of the user node and the multi objective optimization scheduling model with the decision variable of the pump running frequency are applied to the physical model test respectively. The results confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the two models.
The reliability evaluation model of water supply pipe network is set up based on the "detonating area - Detonating effect" model. The model takes the randomness of the pipe burst as a source of uncertainty. It fully considers the availability of the pipe section, the time change of the water requirement of the user, the layout of the valves in the water supply network and the reliability of the optimal dispatching. In order to enumerate the infeasibility of each pipe section and its combination in the water supply network, a regional division method based on the distribution of the valve in the water supply network is proposed in order to enumerate the infeasibility of the distribution of the valves in the water supply network. Reliability evaluation of water supply network greatly reduces the number of trials.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU991.33

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