本文選題：室內(nèi)空氣品質(zhì) + 空氣凈化器��； 參考：《清華大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前，我國室內(nèi)細顆粒物（PM2.5）和揮發(fā)性有機化合物（Volatile Organic Compounds，VOCs）污染問題嚴重，給人們的健康帶來嚴重風險。越來越多的家庭購買空氣凈化器或者新風換氣機用以解決室內(nèi)空氣污染問題。但是我國空氣凈化器和新風換氣機的標準中存在著一些問題，影響了產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量以及消費者選購和使用這類產(chǎn)品。其中，空氣凈化器標準中缺少適用面積的評價方法和對潔凈空氣量衰減的考察；新風換氣機標準中缺少對交叉污染問題和過濾效率的定量測試。針對以上問題，本文進行了一系列研究，主要學術(shù)貢獻為： 1.通過建立空氣凈化器運行狀態(tài)下房間的污染物濃度平衡方程，推導出了適用于我國的空氣凈化器適用面積與其潔凈空氣量的關系式。穩(wěn)態(tài)情況下，空氣凈化器的適用面積與其潔凈空氣量成正比例關系，定義其比例系數(shù)為適用面積系數(shù)。根據(jù)我國國情，空氣凈化器去除PM2.5的適用面積系數(shù)為0.15h/m，去除甲醛的適用面積系數(shù)為0.21h/m。該方法對其他污染物同樣適用，為指導消費者按照房間面積選擇合適的空氣凈化器提供了理論依據(jù)。 2.定義了適用面積工況，從而估算出空氣凈化器實際使用一段時間后處理的污染物總量。定義了室內(nèi)空氣凈化器潔凈空氣量衰減率這一概念并且建立了相應的測試方法。該方法使空氣凈化器在快速老化試驗中處理與實際使用工況下總量相等的污染物，考察快速老化試驗前后的潔凈空氣量衰減率。結(jié)合適用面積工況和潔凈空氣量衰減率測試結(jié)果，評估空氣凈化器在實際使用環(huán)境下的壽命。 3.新風換氣機排風與新風之間的交叉污染由內(nèi)部漏風和污染物通過膜的滲透共同引起。我國現(xiàn)有標準中的內(nèi)部漏風量測試條件與新風換氣機實際運行條件并不相符。本文發(fā)展了一種基于細顆粒物濃度示蹤的內(nèi)部漏風量測試方法，可在實際運行工況下測試設備的內(nèi)部漏風量。建立了基于甲苯濃度示蹤的新風換氣機交叉污染率測試方法。藉此，可以分別測得交叉污染率和其中由內(nèi)部漏風引起的比例。對某新風換氣機進行了測試，，結(jié)果表明其交叉污染率隨著排風與新風之間甲苯濃度差的增大而從19%增大到32%，其中由內(nèi)部漏風引起的交叉污染率為19%。
[Abstract]:At present, indoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are seriously polluted in China, which brings serious risks to people's health. More and more families are buying air purifiers or fresh-air ventilators to solve indoor air pollution problems. However, there are some problems in the standards of air purifiers and fresh air ventilators in our country, which affect the quality of products and the choice and use of these products by consumers. In the standard of air purifier, the evaluation method of suitable area and the investigation of the attenuation of clean air volume are lacking, and the quantitative test of cross pollution and filtration efficiency is lacking in the standard of fresh air ventilator. In view of the above problems, this paper carried out a series of research, the main academic contributions are: 1. By establishing the balance equation of pollutant concentration in the room under the condition of air purifier operation, the relationship between the applicable area of air purifier and its clean air volume is derived. Under steady state, the applicable area of air purifier is proportional to its clean air volume, and the ratio coefficient is defined as the applicable area coefficient. According to the situation of our country, the suitable area coefficient of PM2.5 removal by air purifier is 0.15 h / m, and the applicable area coefficient of formaldehyde removal is 0.21 h / m. This method is also applicable to other pollutants and provides a theoretical basis for guiding consumers to select suitable air purifiers according to room area. 2. The working conditions of suitable area are defined to estimate the total amount of pollutants that the air purifier actually uses for a period of time after treatment. The concept of attenuation rate of clean air volume of indoor air purifier is defined and the corresponding test method is established. This method enables the air purifier to deal with the total amount of pollutants in the rapid aging test and to investigate the attenuation rate of clean air volume before and after the rapid aging test. Combined with the test results of the applicable area working condition and the attenuation rate of clean air volume, the life of the air purifier in practical use was evaluated. The cross-contamination between the exhaust air and the fresh air of the fresh air ventilator is caused by the internal air leakage and the permeation of the pollutants through the membrane. The test conditions of internal air leakage in the existing standards of our country are not consistent with the actual operating conditions of fresh air ventilators. In this paper, a measurement method of internal air leakage based on fine particle concentration tracer is developed, which can be used to measure the internal air leakage of the equipment under actual operating conditions. A method for measuring cross-contamination rate of fresh air ventilator based on toluene concentration tracer was established. Therefore, the cross-contamination rate and the ratio caused by internal air leakage can be measured respectively. The results show that the cross pollution rate increases from 19% to 32% with the increase of toluene concentration difference between the exhaust air and the fresh air, in which the cross pollution rate caused by internal air leakage is 19%.
【學位授予單位】：清華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TU834.8

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